Study on inoculation method and chemical profile of agarwood resin formation /
Nurfazliana Binti Mohd Daud,
Study on inoculation method and chemical profile of agarwood resin formation / Nurfazliana Binti Mohd Daud - xi, 87 pages : illustrations ;
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
Final Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science of Industrial Chemistry) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
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Agarwood, a valuable resin from Aquilaria malaccensis, is threatened by overexploitation due to high demand in the fragrance industry. This study aims to address sustainable production challenges by investigating inoculation techniques to enhance agarwood formation. This study aims to enhance agarwood production through inoculation techniques and analyze the resultant chemical profiles of Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis). The primary objectives were to inoculate agarwood trees using the Chemjet Technique, to analyze the chemical compounds of agarwood chip wood using chromatography; and to compare the chemical profiles of inoculated versus naturally occurring agarwood. A field study was conducted in a plantation in Pahang, involving five Aquilaria malaccensis trees. One healthy tree served as a control, while one wild tree acted as a standard reference. Three trees were inoculated using the Chemjet method with Oudine formulation. After a 12-month inoculation period, resin accumulation was observed and harvested. The resin and non-resinous wood were prepared for analysis using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The findings revealed that inoculated trees exhibited uneven coloration with darker patches localized in infected areas, indicating successful resin production. Chemical profiling demonstrated significant variability in compound presence among individual trees. Wild agarwood exhibited high levels of sesquiterpenes, with δ-Guaiene and α-Guaiene displaying relative peak areas of 39.05% and 15.04%, respectively. In contrast, inoculated trees showed a higher abundance of sesquiterpenoids, with Tree 1 exhibiting 10.03% Epi-α-Bisabolol, Tree 2 showing 7.87% Cyperotundone, and Tree 3 demonstrating 12.56% Rotundone. Notably, terpenes such as δ-Guaiene and α-Caryophyllene were abundant across the trees suggest that marker compound are present in high quality agarwood, whereas inoculated trees displayed a broader range of compounds with lower peak intensities. Consistently, Caryophyllene oxide emerged as a prevalent compound across all samples. This study suggests that inoculation stimulates a more diverse chemical profile in agarwood, potentially as an adaptive response to environmental stressors or pathogen attacks.
THE0010486 (Local)
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology--Dissertations
Universities and colleges--Dissertations
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Study on inoculation method and chemical profile of agarwood resin formation / Nurfazliana Binti Mohd Daud - xi, 87 pages : illustrations ;
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
Final Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science of Industrial Chemistry) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
Include bibliographical reference
Agarwood, a valuable resin from Aquilaria malaccensis, is threatened by overexploitation due to high demand in the fragrance industry. This study aims to address sustainable production challenges by investigating inoculation techniques to enhance agarwood formation. This study aims to enhance agarwood production through inoculation techniques and analyze the resultant chemical profiles of Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis). The primary objectives were to inoculate agarwood trees using the Chemjet Technique, to analyze the chemical compounds of agarwood chip wood using chromatography; and to compare the chemical profiles of inoculated versus naturally occurring agarwood. A field study was conducted in a plantation in Pahang, involving five Aquilaria malaccensis trees. One healthy tree served as a control, while one wild tree acted as a standard reference. Three trees were inoculated using the Chemjet method with Oudine formulation. After a 12-month inoculation period, resin accumulation was observed and harvested. The resin and non-resinous wood were prepared for analysis using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The findings revealed that inoculated trees exhibited uneven coloration with darker patches localized in infected areas, indicating successful resin production. Chemical profiling demonstrated significant variability in compound presence among individual trees. Wild agarwood exhibited high levels of sesquiterpenes, with δ-Guaiene and α-Guaiene displaying relative peak areas of 39.05% and 15.04%, respectively. In contrast, inoculated trees showed a higher abundance of sesquiterpenoids, with Tree 1 exhibiting 10.03% Epi-α-Bisabolol, Tree 2 showing 7.87% Cyperotundone, and Tree 3 demonstrating 12.56% Rotundone. Notably, terpenes such as δ-Guaiene and α-Caryophyllene were abundant across the trees suggest that marker compound are present in high quality agarwood, whereas inoculated trees displayed a broader range of compounds with lower peak intensities. Consistently, Caryophyllene oxide emerged as a prevalent compound across all samples. This study suggests that inoculation stimulates a more diverse chemical profile in agarwood, potentially as an adaptive response to environmental stressors or pathogen attacks.
THE0010486 (Local)
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology--Dissertations
Universities and colleges--Dissertations
Theses--Dissertations