Characterization of wastewater from a local cosmetic manufacturing industry /
Chee, Jol Gee,
Characterization of wastewater from a local cosmetic manufacturing industry / Chee Jol Gee - xi, 108 pages : illustrations ;
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
Final Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science of Industrial Chemistry) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
Include bibliographical reference
The cosmetic manufacturing industry has become a leading trend in the world due to increasing demand for personal hygiene and cosmetic products. The complexity in formulation and wide range of applied raw materials had contributed to high polluting potential of the released effluents. The involvement of raw materials such as salts, fragrances, ammonia and organic compounds were said to be the major contributor of complicated composition in the generated wastewater. In this conducted study, the main aim is to investigate the chemical characteristics of wastewater generated during various stages of cosmetic production and to determine the compliance of wastewater samples with regulatory standards set by the Department of Environment (DOE). Wastewater samples generated from manufacturing different products were collected at varied stages of production, which were during utensil cleaning and in the drainage system before releasing into the sewage system located in the industrial area. Based on Environmental Quality Regulations 2009, standard water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammoniacal-nitrogen (AN) and oil and grease (O&G) were analyzed. The results obtained depicted high levels of COD and BOD ranged from 741 mg/L to 215 mg/L and 59 mg/L to 12 mg/L respectively, whereby wastewater generated from Hair Tonic production contributed to the highest value of COD at 741 mg/L and BOD at 59 mg/L as compared to Sculpting Lotion and Shampoo, indicating potential of environmental impact if releasing untreated effluents. A significant drop in the water quality parameters such as BOD, COD, TSS, and O&G later observed in all samples that were obtained in the drainage system after they had been diluted with large amounts of water. The percentage of reduction for BOD for each wastewater generated from production of Sculpting Lotion, Hair Tonic and Shampoo were 41.2%, 69.5% and 29.2%, for COD were 61.9%, 67.1% and 61.2%, for TSS were 61.1%, 23.1% and 30.8% and for O&G were 72.2%, 71.4% and 79.2%. Primary treatment conducted by the industry was said to be effective in reduction of contamination level in generated effluents, whereby the dilution process allowed the elevation of dissolved oxygen level in the effluent which led to biodegradation of organic compounds. All raw materials and chemicals applied in the manufacturing industry were agreed and registered under NPRA’s approval, where each of them was biodegradable. The study also involved the assessment of compliance of wastewater with the proposed regulatory standards by Department of Environment (DOE) in Malaysia where the findings depicted minimal deviation in the result of water quality parameters. Wastewater generated from Hair Tonic production showed high levels of BOD and COD for both types of samples, with small deviations observed for samples obtained in drainage systems as the data slightly exceeded the proposed limit as stated in Standard B, although the conducted treatment had reduced the level significantly. The research conducted has contributed to detailed acknowledgement towards the characteristics of cosmetic wastewater and highlighted the importance of suitable treatment methods to minimize the environmental impact of industrial effluents.
THE0010504 (Local)
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology--Dissertations
Universities and colleges--Dissertations
Theses--Dissertations
Characterization of wastewater from a local cosmetic manufacturing industry / Chee Jol Gee - xi, 108 pages : illustrations ;
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
Final Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science of Industrial Chemistry) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
Include bibliographical reference
The cosmetic manufacturing industry has become a leading trend in the world due to increasing demand for personal hygiene and cosmetic products. The complexity in formulation and wide range of applied raw materials had contributed to high polluting potential of the released effluents. The involvement of raw materials such as salts, fragrances, ammonia and organic compounds were said to be the major contributor of complicated composition in the generated wastewater. In this conducted study, the main aim is to investigate the chemical characteristics of wastewater generated during various stages of cosmetic production and to determine the compliance of wastewater samples with regulatory standards set by the Department of Environment (DOE). Wastewater samples generated from manufacturing different products were collected at varied stages of production, which were during utensil cleaning and in the drainage system before releasing into the sewage system located in the industrial area. Based on Environmental Quality Regulations 2009, standard water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammoniacal-nitrogen (AN) and oil and grease (O&G) were analyzed. The results obtained depicted high levels of COD and BOD ranged from 741 mg/L to 215 mg/L and 59 mg/L to 12 mg/L respectively, whereby wastewater generated from Hair Tonic production contributed to the highest value of COD at 741 mg/L and BOD at 59 mg/L as compared to Sculpting Lotion and Shampoo, indicating potential of environmental impact if releasing untreated effluents. A significant drop in the water quality parameters such as BOD, COD, TSS, and O&G later observed in all samples that were obtained in the drainage system after they had been diluted with large amounts of water. The percentage of reduction for BOD for each wastewater generated from production of Sculpting Lotion, Hair Tonic and Shampoo were 41.2%, 69.5% and 29.2%, for COD were 61.9%, 67.1% and 61.2%, for TSS were 61.1%, 23.1% and 30.8% and for O&G were 72.2%, 71.4% and 79.2%. Primary treatment conducted by the industry was said to be effective in reduction of contamination level in generated effluents, whereby the dilution process allowed the elevation of dissolved oxygen level in the effluent which led to biodegradation of organic compounds. All raw materials and chemicals applied in the manufacturing industry were agreed and registered under NPRA’s approval, where each of them was biodegradable. The study also involved the assessment of compliance of wastewater with the proposed regulatory standards by Department of Environment (DOE) in Malaysia where the findings depicted minimal deviation in the result of water quality parameters. Wastewater generated from Hair Tonic production showed high levels of BOD and COD for both types of samples, with small deviations observed for samples obtained in drainage systems as the data slightly exceeded the proposed limit as stated in Standard B, although the conducted treatment had reduced the level significantly. The research conducted has contributed to detailed acknowledgement towards the characteristics of cosmetic wastewater and highlighted the importance of suitable treatment methods to minimize the environmental impact of industrial effluents.
THE0010504 (Local)
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology--Dissertations
Universities and colleges--Dissertations
Theses--Dissertations