Characterization of cellulose nanocrystal modiefied with saponin /
Haemaleka A/P R Neelan, , ,
Characterization of cellulose nanocrystal modiefied with saponin / Haemaleka A/P R Neelan - v, 21 pages : illustrations ;
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
Final Year Report (Diploma of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
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Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) are known for their impressive mechanical properties and making them valuable in various applications. The objective of this research is to synthesize CNC with hydrophobic properties that is suitable to be associated with hydrophobic polymer. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were extracted from EFB cellulose through hydrolysis. Cellulose (2 g) was mixed with 100 mL of water overnight, then 48.97 mL of sulfuric acid was added. The mixture was heated at 45°C for 2 hours. Centrifugation removed the solids, and dialysis with reverse osmosis water eliminated free acid. Ultrasonication (20 Hz, 20%) was performed before freeze-drying. For modification, 1 g of CNCs was mixed with water, ultrasonicated (8 Hz), and combined with 0.1 g saponin at 50°C with stirring. The CNC-saponin was freeze-dried. Characterization included field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a water angle test for hydrophobicity. From the morphology analysis, the average diameter for cellulose was 81 ± 10 nm reduced to 69 ± 14 nm for CNC. Then, after modifying the CNC with saponin the average diameter was slightly increased, which was 74 ± 19 nm. Based on chemical composition, the hydroxyl group (-OH) was removed after modifying CNC with saponin. The water angle for CNC-saponin was 106⁰ which shows that CNC-saponin was hydrophobic. Thus, the isolated CNC from EFB becomes hydrophobic after modified it with saponin, thus it can be associated with hydrophobic polymer.
THE0010774 (Local)
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology--Dissertations
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Characterization of cellulose nanocrystal modiefied with saponin / Haemaleka A/P R Neelan - v, 21 pages : illustrations ;
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
Final Year Report (Diploma of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
Include bibliographical reference
Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) are known for their impressive mechanical properties and making them valuable in various applications. The objective of this research is to synthesize CNC with hydrophobic properties that is suitable to be associated with hydrophobic polymer. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were extracted from EFB cellulose through hydrolysis. Cellulose (2 g) was mixed with 100 mL of water overnight, then 48.97 mL of sulfuric acid was added. The mixture was heated at 45°C for 2 hours. Centrifugation removed the solids, and dialysis with reverse osmosis water eliminated free acid. Ultrasonication (20 Hz, 20%) was performed before freeze-drying. For modification, 1 g of CNCs was mixed with water, ultrasonicated (8 Hz), and combined with 0.1 g saponin at 50°C with stirring. The CNC-saponin was freeze-dried. Characterization included field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a water angle test for hydrophobicity. From the morphology analysis, the average diameter for cellulose was 81 ± 10 nm reduced to 69 ± 14 nm for CNC. Then, after modifying the CNC with saponin the average diameter was slightly increased, which was 74 ± 19 nm. Based on chemical composition, the hydroxyl group (-OH) was removed after modifying CNC with saponin. The water angle for CNC-saponin was 106⁰ which shows that CNC-saponin was hydrophobic. Thus, the isolated CNC from EFB becomes hydrophobic after modified it with saponin, thus it can be associated with hydrophobic polymer.
THE0010774 (Local)
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology--Dissertations
Universities and colleges--Dissertations
Theses--Dissertations