Determinants of water conservation behavior among residents of peninsular Malaysia: integrating theory of planned behavior and value belief norm with the moderating effect of ecological worldview /

Md. Faizal Ahmad,

Determinants of water conservation behavior among residents of peninsular Malaysia: integrating theory of planned behavior and value belief norm with the moderating effect of ecological worldview / Md. Faizal Ahmad - xvi, 319 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM.

Faculty of Industrial Management

Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah - 2026

Includes bibliographical references

Nowadays, water scarcity is growing concern in Malaysia, despite abundant rainfall, driven by rapid urbanization, population growth, and rising domestic demand, with consumption exceeding UN benchmarks, 165 litres per capita. This study aims to investigate the determinants of water conservation behaviour among Malaysian households by integrating the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) framework, with ecological worldview as a moderating variable. A cross-sectional survey with a structural equation modelling, PLS-SEM software was utilized to examines the effects of awareness of consequences, ascribed responsibility, personal norms, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, habit, and intention on water conservation behaviours among sample of 381 households in a Peninsular Malaysia. The results indicate that awareness of consequences significantly influences attitudes, cultural values, and responsibility towards water conservation behaviour. Meanwhile, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and personal norms significantly predict water conservation intention, which in turn has a strong positive effect on conservation behaviours. In addition, ecological worldview is found significantly strengthen the relationship between habit and personal normal towards water conservation behaviour, highlighting that households with stronger pro-environmental worldviews effectively transform their intentions into actual water saving actions. Thus, by combining TPB and VBN with an ecological worldview perspective, this study provides a more comprehensive explanation of water conservation behaviour among Malaysian households. Therefore, this study will offer insights for designing more targeted and effective water sustainability policies to achieved the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) particularly SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG13 (Climate Action) by 2030.

THE0010830 (Local)


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