MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
05240ntm a2200337 i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
MY-KuUP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20251125111042.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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| fixed length control field |
t||||fr|||| 000 0 |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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ta |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
250519t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0010086 (Local) |
| Qualifying information |
Hardback |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMPSA |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
UMPSA |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
FTKKP .V36 2025 r Thesis |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Vanessa Alberto, |
| Relator term |
author. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Synthesis and characterization of spray-dried chicken feather keratin for nutrient supplementation / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Vanessa Alberto |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
UMPSA, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2025 |
| 264 #4 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
© 2025 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
xiii, 138 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations (some color) ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD-ROM |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacontent |
| Content type term |
text |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Source |
rdamedia |
| Media type term |
unmediated |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacarrier |
| Carrier type term |
volume |
| 347 ## - DIGITAL FILE CHARACTERISTICS |
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| Source |
rda |
| File type |
text file |
| Encoding format |
PDF |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Thesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2025 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Includes bibliographical references |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Keratin has always been a topic of interest as a novel source of protein in the use for human nutrition. The innovative approach of extracting keratin from chicken feather is consistent with waste to wealth initiatives. Keratin powder from spray drying hydrolyzed chicken feather keratin eases the transport and storage of keratin. It can also be further developed into nutrient supplements. Arabic gum (AG) is also known for its health benefits and good encapsulation performance. Despite the many benefits, study on the spray drying of chicken feather keratin using AG encapsulation is scarce as compared to other protein-based products with carrier agents like maltodextrin or casein. The objective of this research is to determine the suitable spray drying parameters involving inlet temperature, feed flow rate and concentration of AG for encapsulation of hydrolyzed chicken feather keratin as nutrient supplement. The effects of the spray drying on powder yield, moisture content, flowability and total protein content was investigated. The presence of keratin functional groups of the spray dried powders was determined through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) while the morphology of the powders was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The keratin powder was also exposed to simulated gastric conditions and visually observed using Biuret solution and Bradford reagent. Besides that, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was conducted to obtain amino acid profiling of the powder. Then, capsule quality control tests were conducted with reference to United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and guidelines from National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency Malaysia (NPRA). The results showed that product yield ranged from 8.05% - 83.02%. For moisture content, excluding those under 70 ± 5°C inlet temperature setting, all moisture content achieved ideal results of < 5%. On top of that, angle of repose (AOR) method showed that although only two results of flowability achieved “Excellent” classification, none of the results were in the “Very, very poor” classification. Furthermore, the total protein content showed an increase with decreasing inlet temperature and feed flow rate and increasing AG concentration with one setting achieving only 2.5% lost in protein content. Good powder quality was obtained from the parameters of inlet temperature 190 ± 5°C, feed flow rate of 3 ml/min and AG concentration of 2.50% and was used for capsulation into hard gelatin capsules. This is due to the results of the study where the powders from these parameters had a high yield of 81.88%, good moisture content of 3.74% (<5%), good flowability with AOR 43.70° (<50°), a high (minimal lost) total protein content of 71.68 g protein/g solid. The presence of keratin functional groups remains distinguishable through FTIR. However, due to high temperatures, the results for keratin powder with 0% AG encapsulation at 190 ± 5°C showed significant reduction in peak intensity for Amide A and Amide 3 while 0% AG encapsulation at 70 ± 5°C there was no significant peak for Amide 3 bands. SEM analysis showed generally spherical and intact structure which suggests high integrity of the encapsulating materials. The amino acids in the keratin powder were seen to be present and viable even after simulated gastric conditions which is an indication for good absorption in the small intestine. Amino acid profiling also confirmed the presence of both essential and non-essential amino acids which are important as the building blocks of proteins in the body. Lastly, the keratin powder capsules were found to be compliant according to US Pharmacopeia and NPRA Malaysia. The results of the study would be a significant contribution to nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications as future reference to improve the production of keratin powder capsules and other forms of products involving powdered forms of keratin. |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
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| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Thesis |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Thesis |