MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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05067ntm a2200337 i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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MY-KuUP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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20260216175617.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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t||||fr|||| 000 0 |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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ta |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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260216t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0010340 (Local) |
| Qualifying information |
Hardback |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMPSA |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
UMPSA |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
FTKKP .S95 2025 r Thesis |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Sylvia Madusari, |
| Relator term |
author. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Investigation of the ultrasonichydrothermal carbonization technology for hydrochar production / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Sylvia Madusari |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Kuantan Pahang : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
UMPSA, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2025 |
| 264 #4 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
© 2025 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
xviii, 158 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustration ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm.+ |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD-ROM |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacontent |
| Content type term |
text |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Source |
rdamedia |
| Media type term |
unmediated |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacarrier |
| Carrier type term |
volume |
| 347 ## - DIGITAL FILE CHARACTERISTICS |
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| Source |
rda |
| File type |
text file |
| Encoding format |
PDF |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah - 2025 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Include bibliographical reference |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Hydrochar is a carbon-rich material with many potential applications, including an alternate energy source, pollutant absorber, and soil conditioner. Ultrasonichydrothermal carbonization technology combines ultrasound pretreatment and subcritical thermal carbonization technology to enhance the amount of hydrochar produced and its fixed carbon content. The research project utilized oil palm fronds and trunks as a lignocellulose residue found in every oil palm plantation. This research aims to investigate and optimize the use of an ultrasonic pretreatment and hydrothermal carbonization process to produce the optimum output of solid carbonaceous product and fixed carbon content. First, the ultrasonic-H2SO4 and NaOH-solvent pretreatment was carried out. Based on this finding, the 2k full factorial design (FFD) was used to initially determine the significant variables determining hydrochar output and fixed carbon content. In the final step, the response surface methodology of central composite design (RSM-CCD) was utilized to optimize the significant parameters obtained from the FFD to achieve the highest hydrochar output and fixed carbon content. Pretreatment with ultrasonic-NaOH pH 9 at T = 80 ℃, t = 30 min, f = 40 kHz, power = 300 W resulted in a high yield of solid fraction (99.74 ± 0.39%), excellent thermal stability (TGA analysis), and high deterioration of the lignocellulose matrix (SEM analysis). The 2k FFD determined that temperature and reaction time were the most significant variables in hydrochar formation. The model's ANOVA results show that the hydrochar production and fixed carbon content are both significant. The hydrochar yield has an F value of 794.09 (p-value < 0.0001) and an R2 of 0.9965 (99%). The fixed carbon content has an F value of 795.84 (p-value < 0.0001) and an R2 value of 0.9608 (96%). The optimized stage findings showed that the developed models were statistically significant. Hydrochar yield and fixed carbon content had p-values < 0.0001, with F-values of 44.88 and 52.04, respectively. The generated models fit the experimental results satisfactorily, with R2 values of 0.9697 and 0.9738, and adjusted R2 values of 0.9481 and 0.9551 for hydrochar yield and fixed carbon content, respectively. The difference between the expected R2 and the adjusted R2 is less than 0.2 for both replies, indicating that they are in solid agreement. Validation experiments were carried out in the optimum circumstances. The average hydrochar yield was 44.08%, with a fixed carbon content of 48.02 %. In comparison to the expected solutions from the optimization model, which were 44.33% (hydrochar yield, HCY) and 48.21% (fixed carbon content, FCC), there are discrepancies of around 0.06% and 0.39% for HCY and FCC, respectively. In the optimization model, the experimental and predicted outcomes correspond very closely. This means the resulting optimization model is valid at 95% confidence. The SEM results revealed that hydrochar produces a rough surface and coarse structure. The FTIR results revealed that -CH2, which is found in cellulose and lignin in oil palm frond (1423 cm-1 - 1433 cm-1), was deformed in hydrochar, and more aromatic carbon-carbon bonds were identified at wavenumbers 1613 cm-1 and 1513 cm-1. The BET multi-point surface area result is more than twice higher than that of raw oil palm frond, and the average total pore volume of the hydrochar is 0.0532 cc g-1, whereas the oil palm frond is 0.0035 cc g-1. This study revealed ultrasonic-hydrothermal carbonization technology as an alternate strategy for dealing with massive oil palm frond residue and promoting hydrochar product recovery. Ultrasonic-HTC process parameters adds to the growing body of research to achieve better yield while maintaining the optimal fixed carbon content of hydrochar production. |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
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| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Theses |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Thesis |