MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
|---|
| fixed length control field |
03130ntm a2200349 i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
|---|
| control field |
MY-KuUP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
|---|
| control field |
20260226173159.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
|---|
| fixed length control field |
t||||fs|||| 000 0 |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
|---|
| fixed length control field |
c| a||||||a |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
|---|
| fixed length control field |
260226t20252025my a|||fs|||| 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
|---|
| International Standard Book Number |
THE0010394(Local) |
| Qualifying information |
Hardback |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
|---|
| Original cataloging agency |
UMPSA |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
UMPSA |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
|---|
| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
FIST .S46 2025 r Bc. |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Shanthini Murugu, |
| Relator term |
author. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
|---|
| Title |
Effect of different extraction methods towards biodiesel production from chlorella vulgaris / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Shanthini Murugu |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
|---|
| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
UMPSA, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2025 |
| 264 #4 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
|---|
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
© 2025 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
xii, 74 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations ; |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
|---|
| Source |
rdacontent |
| Content type term |
text |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
|---|
| Source |
rdamedia |
| Media type term |
unmediated |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
|---|
| Source |
rdacarrier |
| Carrier type term |
volume |
| 347 ## - DIGITAL FILE CHARACTERISTICS |
|---|
| Source |
rda |
| File type |
text file |
| Encoding format |
PDF |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
|---|
| General note |
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
|---|
| Dissertation note |
Final Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science in Industrial Biotechnology) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
|---|
| Bibliography, etc. note |
Include bibliographical reference |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
|---|
| Summary, etc. |
The best alternative fuels for the future are biofuels made from algal biomass since microalgae biomass can store lipids in their cells similarly to vegetable oils, potentially producing 100 times more oil per acre than any other plant. Lipid can be extracted from microalgae using either a mechanical or chemical approach. The chemical techniques for extracting lipids include Soxhlet extraction, Ultrasonication, One-Step direct Tranesterification and Homogenizer. The various techniques for removing lipids or oils from microalgae biomass in order to produce biodiesel are reviewed in this research. Pretreatment procedures like ultrasonication and, in addition to solvent, have been shown to enhance the yield of lipid extraction from microalgae. Out of four extraction methods, Ultrasonnication is best method to extract lipidUltrasonication proved to be the most effective extraction method, yielding the highest variety of fatty acids, including methyl arachidate, with prominent peaks observed at retention times between 24.507–28.364 and 30.209–31.352 minutes. One-step transesterification produced fewer fatty acids, primarily methyl trans-9,12 linolelaidate, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. Soxhlet extraction resulted in only one fatty acid being detected, while the homogenizer method yielded no fatty acids, demonstrating its ineffectiveness for lipid extraction.The predominant fatty acids in the biodiesel samples were C16 and C18 chains, which are critical for biodiesel quality as they influence cetane number, oxidative stability, and cold flow characteristics. Ultrasonication was identified as the most efficient method, while Soxhlet extraction's high-temperature process caused lipid degradation, and the homogenizer failed to disrupt cells effectively for lipid extraction. |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
|---|
| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Final Year Report |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
|---|
| Uniform Resource Identifier |
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45716 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Final Year Report |