MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
03131ntm a2200337 i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
MY-KuUP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20260415101441.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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| fixed length control field |
t||||fr|||| 000 0 |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
ta |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
260415t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0010464 (Local) |
| Qualifying information |
Hardback |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMPSA |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
UMPSA |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
FIST .U84 2025 r Bc. |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Usha A/p S.ramesh |
| Relator term |
author. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Fatty acids from palm biosolid for valuable fine chemicals / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Usha A/p S.ramesh |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
UMPSA, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2025 |
| 264 #4 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
|---|
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
© 2025 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
xv, 85 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations ; |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacontent |
| Content type term |
text |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Source |
rdamedia |
| Media type term |
unmediated |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacarrier |
| Carrier type term |
volume |
| 347 ## - DIGITAL FILE CHARACTERISTICS |
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| Source |
rda |
| File type |
text file |
| Encoding format |
PDF |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Final Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science of Industrial Chemistry) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Include bibliographical reference |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Palm biosolid, a waste from palm oil industries, has potential as a sustainable source for fatty acid (FA) extraction for valuable fine chemicals, aiming to reduce reliance on petrochemicals and promote sustainable practices. The objectives were identified functional groups in palm biosolid, extracted FA using Soxhlet extraction and analyzed the extracted FA using Gas-Chromatography-Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS). FourierTransformed-Infrared-Ray (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of carboxylic acid functional groups in FA with peaks at 1384.30 cm⁻¹ (OH bending) and 1700.49 cm⁻¹ (C=O carbonyl stretching). Soxhlet extraction was optimized using solvents of varying polarity like hexane, isopropanol, methyl-tert-butyl-ether (MTBE) and diethyl ether. The highest extraction yield achieved with isopropanol (30.12%), followed by hexane (4.94%), diethyl ether (4.00%), and MTBE (3.26%). GC-MS analysis employed both dilution and esterification methods. The dilution method identified significant FA like 9- octadecenoic acid with 7.09% for hexane, 0.34% of 7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic acid for isopropanol, 1.22% of C18 unsaturated isomers for MTBE and 13.38% C18 unsaturated isomers for diethyl ether. The esterification method revealed a broader range of longchain fatty acids (LCFA) and improved chromatographic resolution. Prominent detections included 1.22% for heneicosanoic and tetracosanoic acids, hexadecanoic acid (3.89%) for isopropanol and 1.29% and 12.73% C18 unsaturated isomers for MTBE and diethyl ether. The method for detecting medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and LCFA in palm biosolid has been validated, offering an eco-friendly, cost-effective alternative to fossil fuels for FA extraction. This research validates palm biosolid's viability as sustainable feedstock, minimizing environmental impact while enhancing industrial value and promoting global sustainability in palm oil production. |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
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| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Theses |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Final Year Report |