MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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03608ntm a2200349 i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
MY-KuUP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20260707163116.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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t|||||r|||| 000 0 |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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ta |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
260707t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0010671 (Local) |
| Qualifying information |
Hardback |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMPSA |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
UMPSA |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
FTKKP .K38 2025 r Bc. |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Eng, Ka Thong, |
| Relator term |
author. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Adsorption mechanism of immobilization of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase on lemon peel as an effective bio-catalyst / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Eng Ka Thong |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
UMPSA, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2025 |
| 264 #4 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
© 2025 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
75 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations ; |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacontent |
| Content type term |
text |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Source |
rdamedia |
| Media type term |
unmediated |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacarrier |
| Carrier type term |
volume |
| 347 ## - DIGITAL FILE CHARACTERISTICS |
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| Source |
rda |
| File type |
text file |
| Encoding format |
PDF |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Include bibliographical reference |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
The increasing demand for sustainable and cost-effective biocatalysts has sparked interest in enzyme immobilization on natural, low-cost supports. This study investigates the immobilization of α-CGTase on lemon peel, a waste material abundant in cellulose and hemicellulose, through an adsorption mechanism to enhance enzyme stability and reusability. The objectives were to assess the adsorption kinetics, isotherm models, and thermodynamic behavior of the immobilized enzyme. Lemon peels were processed, and α-CGTase was immobilized under optimized conditions. Adsorption kinetics analysis revealed that the pseudo-first-order kinetic model best describes the adsorption process (R² = 0.9672, k₁ = 0.2153 min⁻¹), suggesting that physisorption governs enzyme attachment. The pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.9415, k₂ = 0.00428 g/mg·min) and Elovich model (R² = 0.9231, α = 1.21 mg/g·min, β = 0.312 g/mg) also provided good fits, indicating heterogeneous surface interactions. For adsorption isotherms, the Langmuir model demonstrated the best correlation (R² = 0.9583) with a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 49.26 mg/g and an equilibrium constant b = 0.0634 L/mg, confirming monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. The Freundlich isotherm model (R² = 0.9211, Kf = 2.89 mg/g, 1/n = 0.64) suggested surface heterogeneity, while the Temkin model (R² = 0.9025, KT = 0.854 L/mg, B = 4.18 kJ/mol) indicated significant interactions between the enzyme and support material. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic, with negative Gibbs free energy (ΔG = -5.62 kJ/mol at 30°C), negative enthalpy (ΔH = -18.74 kJ/mol), and positive entropy (ΔS = 42.15 J/mol·K). These results indicate that enzyme immobilization on lemon peel occurs naturally and favors energy release. This study underscores the potential of lemon peel as an eco-friendly and cost-effective support material for enzyme immobilization, offering a sustainable solution to waste management challenges while promoting the industrial application of biocatalysis. Future research should focus on optimizing operational conditions, evaluating long-term stability, and scaling up for industrial use. Keywords: α-CGTase; immobilization; lemon peel; adsorption mechanism |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
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| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Theses |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
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| Uniform Resource Identifier |
https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47470 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Final Year Report |