MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
03226ntm a2200349 i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
MY-KuUP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20260710115912.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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| fixed length control field |
t|||||r|||| 000 0 |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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ta |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
260710t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0010701(Local) |
| Qualifying information |
Hardback |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMPSA |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
UMPSA |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
FTKKP .W33 2025 r Bc. |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Nur Wadiah Binti Mejlan, , , |
| Relator term |
author. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Effect of inoculum type and size on the production of lactic acid for animal feed in anaerobic fermentation / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Nur Wadiah Binti Mejlan |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
UMPSA, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2025 |
| 264 #4 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
© 2025 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
xv, 38 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations ; |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacontent |
| Content type term |
text |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Source |
rdamedia |
| Media type term |
unmediated |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacarrier |
| Carrier type term |
volume |
| 347 ## - DIGITAL FILE CHARACTERISTICS |
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| Source |
rda |
| File type |
text file |
| Encoding format |
PDF |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Include bibliographical reference |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Lactic acid in animal feed helps to improve the digestion system in animals. The lactic acid in the animal feed market has grown, leading to high demand. The abundant palm oil fronds (OPF) waste from palm plantations can be used as animal feed. Fermented oil palm frond has low fiber content and high nutritional content makes it favorable as animal feed. Longer lag phase and hetero lactic fermentation are affected by inoculum type and size. However, the optimum type and size of inoculum for the OPF in SFF at anaerobic conditions has not yet been discussed. This study aims to optimize the inoculum type and size to improve lactic acid production and nutrient content for animal feed from oil palm fronds (OPF) using SSF under anaerobic condition. Firstly, OPF was weighed and mixed well with 3mL molasses, 3g NaCl, 1.5g coffee, 12mL water, 1g CaCO3 and inoculum (w/w%). The mixture was put into a jar and sealed before undergoing fermentation for 15 days. Various microorganisms (Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus subtilis, Rhizopus oligosporus, Decanter Cake and Effective Microorganisms (EM)) and inoculum sizes (1.5%,3%, 4.5%, 6% and 7.5% w/w) were investigated using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method. The optimal conditions were Rhizopus oligosporus with 6% (w/w) of inoculum size. This results in significant enhancements of lactic acid and nutrients with the increment of lactic acid by 74.73%, protein content by 78.55%, reducing sugar by 55.41% and total phenolic content by 33.09% with the crude fiber reduction at 62.5%. These results indicated that solid-state fermentation (SSF) in anaerobic conditions can improve the lactic acid and nutritional value in oil palm fronds, making it suitable for use as animal feed. Future research should investigate the effect of carbon to nitrogen ratio to enhance the production of lactic acid and nutrient content of fermented oil palm fronds. |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
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| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Theses |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
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| Uniform Resource Identifier |
https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47561 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Final Year Report |