MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
03845ntm a2200349 i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
MY-KuUP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20260729114300.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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| fixed length control field |
t|||||r|||| 000 0 |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
ta |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
260729t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0010785 (Local) |
| Qualifying information |
Hardback |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMPSA |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
UMPSA |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
|---|
| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
FTKKP .K34 2025 r Bc. |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Chiew, Kah Heng, , , |
| Relator term |
author. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Optimization of saponin extraction from coconut husk using design of experiments (DOE) for enhanced water-based mud (wbm) performance / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Chiew Kah Heng |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
|---|
| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
UMPSA, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2025 |
| 264 #4 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
|---|
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
© 2025 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
xvi, 100 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations ; |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
|---|
| Source |
rdacontent |
| Content type term |
text |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Source |
rdamedia |
| Media type term |
unmediated |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
|---|
| Source |
rdacarrier |
| Carrier type term |
volume |
| 347 ## - DIGITAL FILE CHARACTERISTICS |
|---|
| Source |
rda |
| File type |
text file |
| Encoding format |
PDF |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
|---|
| General note |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
|---|
| Dissertation note |
Final Year Report (Bachelor of Technology Mechanical Engineering (Petroleum) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
|---|
| Bibliography, etc. note |
Include bibliographical reference |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
|---|
| Summary, etc. |
The oil and gas industry face significant challenges related to wellbore instability and the environmental impact of synthetic drilling fluid additives. Water-based muds (WBM) are widely used in drilling operations, but their performance depends on effective additives that enhance rheological and filtration properties. This research explores the extraction and optimization of saponins from coconut husks as a sustainable alternative to conventional additives, leveraging their natural surfactant properties to improve WBM performance. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the coconut husk variety with the highest saponin content. The Soxhlet extraction method, combined with a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach, optimized extraction conditions by varying parameters such as extraction time, sample mass, and ethanol concentration. The extracted saponins were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to confirm their chemical composition and structural properties. Results showed that the Gading coconut husk contained the highest saponin content, with a foam height of 0.4 cm. The optimal extraction conditions yielded 2.03 g of saponins using a 2-hour extraction time, 30 g of coconut husk powder, and 90% ethanol concentration. FTIR and GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of key functional groups, including O-H, C-H, and C-O glycosides, validating the successful extraction of saponins. The application of extracted saponins in WBM demonstrated significant improvements in drilling fluid properties. Rheological tests showed an increase in the yield point (YP) to plastic viscosity (PV) ratio from 0.4 (control WBM) to 0.83–0.87 with extracted saponins, enhancing mud stability. Fluid loss was reduced from 29.9 mL (control) to 20 mL at a 0.35 g saponin concentration, outperforming commercial saponins, which reduced fluid loss to 26.6 mL. Additionally, mud cake thickness decreased from 6/32 inch (control) to 4/32–5/32 inch, while pH remained stable, with only a slight decrease from 8.93 to 8.64. Interfacial tension (IFT) decreased from 35.52 N/m to 30.76 N/m, demonstrating improved emulsification and surface activity. Lubricity tests confirmed reduced friction, though commercial saponins performed slightly better. The findings confirm that coconut husk-derived saponins enhance WBM performance, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic additives. |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
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| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Theses |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
|---|
| Uniform Resource Identifier |
https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47856 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Final Year Report |