MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
03369ntm a2200349 i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
MY-KuUP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20260812123356.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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| fixed length control field |
t|||||r|||| 000 0 |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
ta |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
260812t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0010959 (Local) |
| Qualifying information |
Hardback |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMPSA |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
UMPSA |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
|---|
| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
FSTI .F35 2025 r Bc. |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Mohd Faizal Bin Mohd Kassim, , , |
| Relator term |
author. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Effects of benzene exposure on respiratory health among ammunition technicians in military bases / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Mohd Faizal Bin Mohd Kassim |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
|---|
| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
UMPSA, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2025 |
| 264 #4 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
|---|
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
© 2025 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
x, 104 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations ; |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
|---|
| Source |
rdacontent |
| Content type term |
text |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
|---|
| Source |
rdamedia |
| Media type term |
unmediated |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
|---|
| Source |
rdacarrier |
| Carrier type term |
volume |
| 347 ## - DIGITAL FILE CHARACTERISTICS |
|---|
| Source |
rda |
| File type |
text file |
| Encoding format |
PDF |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
|---|
| General note |
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
|---|
| Dissertation note |
Final Year Report (Bachelor Degree Of Occupational Safety And Health) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Include bibliographical reference |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Ammunition Technicians (ATs) in military settings are routinely exposed to hazardous substances such as benzene due to their involvement in ammunition handling, packaging and storage activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of benzene exposure on respiratory health using a comparative cross-sectional study design involving 48 respondents, equally divided into exposed and non-exposed groups. Area monitoring using a VOC meter recorded real-time benzene concentrations for the exposed group ranging from 0.25 to 3.79 ppm, with a mean TWA of 0.46 ppm slightly below the Malaysian PEL (0.5 ppm) but exceeding the 2024 ACGIH TWA limit (0.02 ppm). In contrast, the non-exposed group recorded lower values, ranging from 0.10 to 0.32 ppm, with a mean of 0.15 ppm. Personal sampling using charcoal tubes (NIOSH Method 1501) showed benzene was not detected in all samples (<0.00001 mg). Respiratory health was assessed through spirometry and the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Lung pattern classification indicated that 83.3% of the exposed and 91.7% of the non-exposed had normal patterns, while mild and moderate impairments were observed only among the exposed. A significant association was found between lung pattern and spirometry severity based on the Chi-Square test (p = 0.004). Independent samples t-tests showed no statistically significant differences between exposed and non-exposed groups across all SGRQ domains, although the exposed group reported higher mean scores for Symptoms (25.27), Activity (23.84) and Total Score (20.29). Frequent symptoms among the exposed included coughing (58.8%), phlegm (50.0%), breathlessness (66.7%) and wheezing (50.0%). These findings suggest possible early-stage respiratory impacts among exposed ATs despite low personal exposure levels, underscoring the need for continuous respiratory health surveillance in high-risk occupational groups. Keywords: Benzene exposure, Respiratory health, Ammunition Technicians (ATs), Spirometry, SGRQ, Comparative cross-sectional study |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
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| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Theses |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
|---|
| Uniform Resource Identifier |
https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/46262 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Final Year Report |