MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
02540nam a2200241 a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
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| control field |
vtls000018309 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
KUKTEM |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20251114204416.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
070222t2006 my f m 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0001061(Local) |
| 039 #9 - LEVEL OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL AND CODING DETAIL [OBSOLETE] |
|---|
| Level of rules in bibliographic description |
201905311527 |
| Level of effort used to assign nonsubject heading access points |
nazirah |
| Level of effort used to assign subject headings |
201107132235 |
| Level of effort used to assign classification |
VLOAD |
| Level of effort used to assign subject headings |
200908141302 |
| Level of effort used to assign classification |
VLOAD |
| Level of effort used to assign subject headings |
200908141235 |
| Level of effort used to assign classification |
VLOAD |
| -- |
200702221706 |
| -- |
kam |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
|---|
| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
|---|
| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
TP156.E8 N43 2006 rs |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Nur Farhana Ghazali |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Study of vanilla essential oil extraction : |
| Remainder of title |
comparison through heat and wave principles / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Nur Farhana Binti Ghazali |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
|---|
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
KUKTEM, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2006 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
82 p. : |
| Other physical details |
ill. (some col.); |
| Dimensions |
30 cm.+ |
| Accompanying material |
1 computer disc |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
|---|
| Dissertation note |
Project paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan & Teknologi Malaysia - 2006 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. |
|---|
| Summary, etc. |
To extract an essential oil the method used is extraction without using organic solvent. The conventional method used is hydro distillation (HD) that applies heat principle. However, a new green technique for essential oil extraction that is microwave which is applies wave principle was developed in recent years. Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) is a combination of microwave heating and dry distillation performed at atmospheric pressure without added any solvent or water. SFME with presence of carbonyl iron powder (CIP) was compared with HD for the extraction of essential oil from vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) with different type of raw material sizing. SFME extracted essential oil with higher value of percentage yield and concentration which allowed substantial savings of costs in terms of time, energy and plant material. SFME is an environmental friendly technique as it was rejected less carbon dioxide (CO2) compared to HD technique. The strength of aroma of extracted essential oil from both methods was compared by calculating the degree of concentration. The loss of the aroma depends on the degree of concentration. By using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system the presence on vanillin in the extracted oil was identified and has been compared in terms of presence of impurities quantity and concentration. Vanilla treated by SFME and HD were viewed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the results reveal that vanilla structure treated by SFME was being more ruptured compared to conventional HD technique. |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Extraction (Chemistry) |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Vanilla |