MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
02681nam a2200253 a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
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| control field |
vtls000058100 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
KUKTEM |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20251114204501.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
111229t2010 my a f m 001 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0004654(Local) |
| 039 #9 - LEVEL OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL AND CODING DETAIL [OBSOLETE] |
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| Level of rules in bibliographic description |
201905141156 |
| Level of effort used to assign nonsubject heading access points |
azhar |
| -- |
201112291656 |
| -- |
ida |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
TP359.B46 N67 2010 rs Bc. |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Norashikin Mohd Hatta |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Development of heterogeneous base catalyst for transesterification reaction / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Norashikin Mohd Hatta |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
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| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
UMP, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2010 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
xviii, 104 p. : |
| Other physical details |
ill. ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD-ROM |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Project paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang - 2010 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Bibliography : p. 81-88 |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Among the many possible clean fuel sources, biodiesel derived from vegetable oil (VO) attracts attention as a promising one for substitution or blending with conventional diesel-based fuels. The current process utilizes alkali hydroxide dissolved in methanol for catalyzing the transesterification. However, the homogeneous catalyst gives a problem to environmental which would be leading the environmentally toxic. Therefore, the heterogeneous base catalyst should be developing to replace the homogeneous base catalyst as prevention. Here, the Calcium Oxide (CaO) loaded on Alumina (CaO/Al2O3) is used as the heterogeneous base catalyst for transesterification of Palm Oil and Methanol. The CaO/Al2O3 was prepared by using impregnation method and calcined at 650°C for 5 hours and characterized by Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Both of equipment showed that Calcium Oxide is successfully supported by Alumina which 50% Calcium Oxide loading on Alumina is the best result. Then the catalyst was tested for the transesterification between palm oil and methanol. The transesterification reaction between palm oil and methanol is carried out at different parameter such as reaction temperature, mass ratio of catalyst to oil and molar ratio of methanol to oil. Then, the sample is analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC). The result showed that the higher conversion of biodiesel is obtained by adding CaO catalyst of 3.5%, reaction temperature of 65°C and molar ratio of methanol to oil of 14:1. The higher total conversion of biodiesel is 48.82%. As a conclusion, the biodiesel conversion increased when there are increase in reaction temperature, amount of catalyst loading and molar ratio of methanol to oil. |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Biodiesel fuels |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Catalysts |