MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
03319nam a2200265 a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
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| control field |
vtls000067912 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
KUKTEM |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20251114204522.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
121221t2012 my a f m 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0004073(Local) |
| 039 #9 - LEVEL OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL AND CODING DETAIL [OBSOLETE] |
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| Level of rules in bibliographic description |
201905160910 |
| Level of effort used to assign nonsubject heading access points |
fauzi |
| -- |
201212210950 |
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Fida |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
TP156.E8 R36 2012 rs Bc. |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Ranitha Mathialagan |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Extraction and characterization of essential oil from ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Ranitha Mathialagan |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
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| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
UMP, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2012 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
xvi, 89 p. : |
| Other physical details |
ill. (some col.) ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD-ROM |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Project paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang - 2012 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Bibliography : p.53-54 |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), an advanced distillation method that take advantage of microwave heating with the conventional hydrodistillation, recently been widely attended for the extraction of essential oil from medicinal plants and herbs due to its economic and green technology. One way in maximizing the efficiency of a method is optimizing its parameter condition to obtain maximum yield. In that case, this study was carried out to investigate the performance of MAHD in the extraction of essential oil from Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). The effect of three main factors which were microwave power, extraction time and water to raw material ratio were investigated to optimize the extraction operating conditions for obtaining maximum oil yield. As a result the best condition that has been determined for maximum essential oil production were under 250 W microwave power for 90 minutes at water to raw material ratio of 8:1. This optimum condition was finalized based on its maximum yield from Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) which were 0.85% (w/w) and 1.37%(w/w), respectively. Then, the oil samples at different extraction time were analyzed to evaluate its quality by determined its chemical constituent through GC-MS. The main components detected in the essential oil of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) were Borneol, β-Bisabolene, Cineole, α-Cedrene, α-Curcumene, β-Farnesene (E), β-Sesquihelladiene, β-Thujene and Zingiberene. Wherelse, the main components in the essential oil of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) were Citral, Geranic Acid, Geranyl Acetate, Linalool, Neric acid, (Z) Citral, β-mycrene and β-Thujene. The dominant component in the essential oil of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) were Zingiberene and Citral, respectively. The maximum oil yield from Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) were obtained at shorter extraction period without significant affect on their chemical constituents. This may prove MAHD as a cost effective method and also expected would bring volume of worth in the essential oil production industry. |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Extraction (Chemistry) |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Essences and essential oils |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Distillation |