MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
02740nam a2200253 a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
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| control field |
vtls000075882 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
KUKTEM |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20251114204549.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
131107t2013 my da f m 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0002763(Local) |
| 039 #9 - LEVEL OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL AND CODING DETAIL [OBSOLETE] |
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| Level of rules in bibliographic description |
201905280928 |
| Level of effort used to assign nonsubject heading access points |
nazirah |
| Level of effort used to assign subject headings |
201311131643 |
| Level of effort used to assign classification |
nabilah |
| -- |
201311071046 |
| -- |
nabilah |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
TA455.G9 V47 2013 rs Bc. |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Vera Lai Kin Ming |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Preparation and characterization of catalyst from local industry waste, red gypsum for biodiesel synthesis / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Vera a/l Lai Kin Ming |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
|---|
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
UMP, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2013 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
xii, 61 p. : |
| Other physical details |
ill. ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD-ROM |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Project paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2013 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Bibliography : p. 41-43 |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Red gypsum, a reddish brown semi-solid mud is a waste product of local industry in Malaysia which is formed during the extraction of titanium (IV) oxide from the ilmenite ores and they are accumulating in landfill and polluting the environment.The total accumulation of red gypsum in Malaysia is at least 340,000 tons per year. This research is done to find an end use for red gypsum waste that has been land filling and polluting the environment. At the same time there is a crucial need to find an alternative fuel in fulfilling energy demand to replace fossil fuels which are undergoing drastic depletion. The best option is biodiesel which shows almost same properties like fossil fuels and most importantly it is environmental friendly. The major composition of red gypsum are CaSO4.2H2O (70 wt %), Fe2O3 (30 wt %) and small amount of Al2O3 is a potential source for catalyst production which later can be used as solid base catalysts in biodiesel production. The objectives of this research are to produce and characterize catalyst from waste red gypsum and study the activity of catalyst for esterification of FFA. Preparation of catalyst from red gypsum through heat treatment in furnace using activated carbon as reducing agent was investigated in this work. Characterization of the catalyst produced is done using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The performance of the activity of the catalyst produced is studied by esterification of oleic acid with ethanol in a 1:6 molar ratio. Different amount of catalyst is used ; 5%,3% and 1% weight catalyst of oleic acid to find the free fatty acid, FFA conversion and the catalyst activity is studied based on the result obtained. |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Gypsum |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Biodiesel fuels |