MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
02347nam a2200277 a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
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| control field |
vtls000075938 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
KUKTEM |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20251114204553.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
131108t2013 my da f m 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0004820(Local) |
| 039 #9 - LEVEL OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL AND CODING DETAIL [OBSOLETE] |
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| Level of rules in bibliographic description |
201905151548 |
| Level of effort used to assign nonsubject heading access points |
smfh |
| Level of effort used to assign subject headings |
201311131655 |
| Level of effort used to assign classification |
nabilah |
| -- |
201311081409 |
| -- |
nabilah |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
TP684.P3 L54 2013 rs Bc. |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Liew, Futt How |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Production of biodiesel from palm oil through heterogeneous catalysis using calcined eggshell / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Liew Futt How |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
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| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
UMP, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2013 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
xiii, 75 p. : |
| Other physical details |
ill. ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD-ROM |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Project paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2013 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Bibliography : p. 63-66 |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
In recent years, shortage of fossil fuel, increasing price of crude oil and environmental issues have led to the scientific and research study in alternative fuel. Biodiesel is one of the alternate biofuels, due to its comparable fuel properties and cleaner emission to environment. In this study, transesterification of refined palm oil with methanol catalyzed by heterogeneous catalyst, calcined eggshell was studied and the suitable kinetic model was identified. Calcined eggshell was prepared by washing the fresh eggshell with boiling water and followed by calcinations of fresh eggshell at 900 0C. The calcined eggshells were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD),Physisorption analysis (B.E.T.) method, andFourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Through the analysis, the calcined eggshell was found that identical to the commercial Calcium Oxide. Transesterification was studied at different parameter such as temperature (450C- 650C), agitation intensity (200 rpm-500 rpm), catalyst weight percent (1.5%-6%), and methanol to oil weight ratio (12:1-6:1). The highest yield is 72.03% of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). The kinetic data was fit to the kinetic model developed using first order model. It is found that the calcined eggshell is a potential catalyst which is comparable to other commercial catalyst. |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Palm oil |
| General subdivision |
Refining |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Transesterification |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Catalysis |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Eggshells |