MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
02993ntm a2200265 a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
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| control field |
vtls000084944 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
KUKTEM |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20251117113238.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
150119t2014 my a f m 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0004641(Local) |
| 039 #9 - LEVEL OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL AND CODING DETAIL [OBSOLETE] |
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| Level of rules in bibliographic description |
201905141556 |
| Level of effort used to assign nonsubject heading access points |
azhar |
| Level of effort used to assign subject headings |
201712041055 |
| Level of effort used to assign classification |
huda |
| -- |
201501191154 |
| -- |
fawwaz |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
TP359.B46 L66 2014 r Bc. |
| 100 3# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Loo, Mei Soon |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Synthesis of bio-lubricant through the esterification of oleic acid and trimethylolpropane catalysed by sulfated tin (ii) oxide / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Loo Mei Soon |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
|---|
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
UMP, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2014 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
xiv, 99 p. : |
| Other physical details |
ill. ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD-ROM |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Project paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2014 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Bibliography : p. 60-65 |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Bio-lubricant has been proclaimed as a renewable alternative to mineral oil based lubricant due to the growing concern to the environmental impact and sustainability issue of the mineral oil based lubricant. Synthetic esters produced from the esterification of polyols and fatty acids are the bio-lubricant that can replace the mineral oil based lubricants in several applications. In this study, the synthesis of bio-lubricant, trimethylolpropane (TMP) oleate, using sulfated tin (II) oxide was carried out. TMP oleate is most common and widely used in hydraulic fluids. The heterogeneous sulfated tin (II) oxide has been chosen as catalyst because of the shortcomings of the homogeneous catalysts such as difficulty to be separated from the products and reused. The sulfated tin (II) oxide was synthesized by precipitation followed by impregnation and characterized for its’ physicochemical properties. The catalytic activity was examined through the esterification of TMP and oleic acid (OA) under constant rate of stirring of 800rpm, 0.3 wt. % catalyst with particle diameter of, dp≤63 μm to eliminate the resistance of external and internal diffusion. The molar ratio of TMP to oleic acids was varied from 1:2.7-1:3.3 and reaction temperature was varied from 120oC-180oC. The TMP oleate synthesized was tested for its total acid number and viscosity. The results indicated that the highest conversion of OA, 91.2% was achieved at temperature of 180oC and the molar ratio of TMP: OA was 1:2.7. Apparently, the reaction temperature has more significant effect on the conversion of OA as compared to molar ratio of reactant, verifying that the reaction is controlled by surface reaction. The catalyst synthesized in this work is expected to provide a simpler and cheaper separation process with the catalyst reuse, reduced waste generation, and increase in yield of TMP oleate at optimum parameters |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Esterification |
| 856 40 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
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| Uniform Resource Identifier |
<a href="http://ecollib.ump.edu.my/18390/">http://ecollib.ump.edu.my/18390/</a> |
| Public note |
Access in library only |