MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
03241ntm a2200277 a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
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| control field |
vtls000091200 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
KUKTEM |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20251117113300.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
150910t2015 my da f m 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0004671(Local) |
| 039 #9 - LEVEL OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL AND CODING DETAIL [OBSOLETE] |
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| Level of rules in bibliographic description |
201905131312 |
| Level of effort used to assign nonsubject heading access points |
smfh |
| Level of effort used to assign subject headings |
201711281416 |
| Level of effort used to assign classification |
saini |
| -- |
201509101048 |
| -- |
huda |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
TP359.B46 S53 2015 r Bc. |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Nor Shahroon Hameed Sultan |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Esterification of highly acidified oil using waste cooking oil and ionic liquid supported by divinyl benzene as catalyst / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Nor Shahroon Hameed Sultan |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
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| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
UMP, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2015 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
xiv, 40 p. : |
| Other physical details |
ill. (some col.) ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD-ROM |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Project paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang - 2015 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Bibliography : p. 33-35 |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
The depletion of natural resources around the world led the researcher looking forward for alternatives renewable sources. Biodiesel has been chosen as a good alternative to replace the petroleum. Many researchers used virgin oil as the raw material to produce biodiesel. However, virgin oil is quite expensive and increased the competition between food and fuels. Therefore, waste cooking oil has been chosen as the alternative feedstock used in this research compared to edible oil. On the other hand, acidified oil such as waste cooking oil and animal fats was found to gives a good conversion of triglycerides via the two step esterification- transesterification reaction. Esterification process is needed in the pretreatment of acidified oil to reduce the FFA content in the feedstock itself before it could be proceed with transesterification. The objective of this study is to synthesize and characterize the triethylammonium hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid and supported triethylammonium hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid and to conduct the catalytic esterification reaction using both type of catalyst. The catalyst was characterized using NMR, FTIR, SEM and BET. The NMR spectrum are as 1HNMR, (500MHz, DMSO) (ppm): ∂ 1.19 (triplet, 9h) ∂ 3.09 (multiplet, 6H) ∂ 6.95 (singlet, 1H) ∂ 9.01 (singlet, 1H). The IR spectrum of ionic liquid are sulphonic acid at 1061 and 1149 cm-1, including C-C (1233 cm-1), Ar-H (2506 cm-1) and OH (3037 cm-1). The IR spectrum for supported ionic liquid are 1101 and 990 cm-1 for sulphonic group, C-C (1168 cm-1), Ar-H (2924 cm-1) and OH (3445 cm-1). The supported ionic liquid has surface area of 22.34 m2 /g and the pore volume is 0.0327cm3/g. The pore size of supported ionic liquid is 2.6 nm. The esterification of highly acidified oil is conducted at temperature of 600C, 2.5 wt % of catalyst and the molar ratio of methanol to waste cooking oil of 18:1. As a conclusion, both catalysts are not able to reduce free fatty acid and have zero conversion. This is due to unsuitable ratio of methanol to oil and temperature of the reaction. |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Biodiesel fuels |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Catalysis |
| 856 40 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
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| Uniform Resource Identifier |
<a href="http://ecollib.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25252">http://ecollib.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25252</a> |
| Public note |
Access in library only |