MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
03083ntm a2200265 a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
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| control field |
vtls000091202 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
KUKTEM |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20251117113301.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
150910t2015 my da f m 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0004651(Local) |
| 039 #9 - LEVEL OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL AND CODING DETAIL [OBSOLETE] |
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| Level of rules in bibliographic description |
201905141200 |
| Level of effort used to assign nonsubject heading access points |
azhar |
| Level of effort used to assign subject headings |
201711281350 |
| Level of effort used to assign classification |
saini |
| -- |
201509101120 |
| -- |
huda |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
TP359.B46 N48 2015 r Bc. |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Ng, Teck Huai |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Synthesis of bio-lubricant by esterification of pelargonic acid with 2-ethylhexanol over amberlyst 36 / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Ng Teck Huai |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
|---|
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
UMP, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2015 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
xvi, 81 p. : |
| Other physical details |
ill. (some col.) ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD- ROM |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Project paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang - 2015 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Bibliography : p. 52-55 |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
In recent years, the demand of bio-lubricant has greatly increased due to the environmental and sustainability issue created by mineral oil based lubricant. This study addresses the issue of low oxidative stability of the current bio lubricant by substituting one of the raw materials with saturated base oil. Homogeneous catalyst employed in the current production process is also replaced by Amberlyst 36, a heterogeneous catalyst to eliminate the complications in product separation and the occurrence of side reaction. This work presents the synthesis of bio-lubricant, 2-ethylhexyl pelargonate through the esterification of pelargonic acid and 2-ethylhexanol. In this study, a batch reactor completed with dean stark apparatus was used to study the effect of important operating parameters such as mixing speed, temperature, reactant ratio and catalyst loading. The samples withdrawn were titrated for its total acid number (TAN) and the best condition to achieve highest conversion was attained. It was found that the mixing speed of 300rpm has minimised the external mass transfer resistances. Under the external diffusion-free regime, the maximum conversion, 96% was achieved at the temperature of 140oC, catalyst loading of 2.5wt% and reactant molar ratio of pelargonic acid to 2-ethylhexanol of 1:5. The bio-lubricant produced possessed the kinematic viscosity of 4.44 cSt at 40oC and 1.92 cSt at 100oC with a viscosity index of 366.247. The excellent viscosity properties are better than current commercial petro-lubricant and bio-lubricant available. However, the cloud point and pour point of 2-ethylhexyl pelargonate were observed at -18oC and -24 oC respectively which were still not in par with the commercial petro-lubricant although better than current bio-lubricant available. It is recommended that this work can be further studied by addition of additive e.g. antioxidant to enhance its lubrication properties and commercialised due to its high potential to replace petro-lubricant. |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Esterification |
| 856 40 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
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| Uniform Resource Identifier |
<a href="http://ecollib.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9505">http://ecollib.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9505</a> |
| Public note |
Access in library only |