MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
|---|
| fixed length control field |
03554ntm a2200301 a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
|---|
| control field |
vtls000091339 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
|---|
| control field |
KUKTEM |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
|---|
| control field |
20251117113308.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
|---|
| fixed length control field |
150928t2015 da f abm 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
|---|
| International Standard Book Number |
THE0002119(Local) |
| 039 #9 - LEVEL OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL AND CODING DETAIL [OBSOLETE] |
|---|
| Level of rules in bibliographic description |
201905131646 |
| Level of effort used to assign nonsubject heading access points |
yusri |
| Level of effort used to assign subject headings |
201710061548 |
| Level of effort used to assign classification |
aishah |
| -- |
201509281522 |
| -- |
asma |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
|---|
| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
|---|
| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
QD305.A2 I76 2015 r Thesis |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Irma Nurfitri |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
|---|
| Title |
Methyl Ester production using feedstock and catalysts from waste sources / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Irma Nurfitri |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
|---|
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
UMP, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2015 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
xviii, 130 p. : |
| Other physical details |
ill. (some col.) ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD ROM |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
|---|
| General note |
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
|---|
| Dissertation note |
Thesis (Master of Science (Industrial Chemistry)) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2015 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
|---|
| Bibliography, etc. note |
Bibliography : p. 113-126 |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
|---|
| Summary, etc. |
In the present work, waste sources, namely boiler ash, baby clam (Paphia undulata) shell and capiz (Placuna placenta) shell have been successfully utilized as solid catalysts in the transesterification of palm olein (RBD-PO) and waste palm cooking oil (WPCO) to produce methyl esters (biodiesel). In order to enhance the catalytic activity, the boiler ash had been calcined at 500 ˚C for 5 h (was labelled as BA-500), while waste shells of baby clam and capiz have been calcined at 900 ˚C for 2 h (labelled as BCCaO-900 and C-CaO-900, respectively). The optimal reaction conditions found to be: for transesterification of RBD-PO and WPCO using BA-500 as a catalyst were 3 wt.% catalyst amount (based on oil weight) and 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio for 1 h reaction period, while BC-CaO-900 and C-CaO-900 with 5 wt.% catalyst amount, 12:1 methanol to oil molar ratio for 3 h reaction period. All catalysts achieved over 96.5% methyl ester content at the reflux temperature of methanol (65 ˚C). Furthermore, the mixed-shell catalyst of BC-CaO and C-CaO (labelled as BC-C-Mixed-900) at a 1:1 weight ratio showed similar activity as the individual catalysts. The regenerated of the catalytic activity was investigated, and found that the BA-500 could be reused up to two times, while BC-C-Mixed-900 catalyst reused up to seven times when maintaining methyl esters content above 90%. In addition, the BA and BC-C-Mixed-900 catalysts exhibit tolerance towards the presence of water at 1.75% and 2.0% and free fatty acid at 1.75% and 1.75%, respectively, with over 80% of methyl esters content. Oil extracted from decanter cake (DC) was also investigated in this study, via in situ transesterification with ultrasonic irradiation and mechanical stirring method. The catalyst amount of 20 wt.% (based on oil weight), 150:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, cosolvent: DC (1:1) weight were found as the optimal conditions, yielding 86% and 45% methyl ester content in an hour reaction period for ultrasound irradiation and mechanical stirring, respectively. The emissions performance of WPCO B10 blend using BA-500 as a catalyst was investigated on horizontal single cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine (YANMAR NF19-SK). The results indicated that the WPCO B10 blend biodiesel gives lower CO2 and CO emission compared to commercial diesel, thus contributed to the reduction of greenhouse gases |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Esterification |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Esters |
| General subdivision |
Aliphatic compounds |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Transesterification |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Acids and esters |
| 856 40 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
|---|
| Uniform Resource Identifier |
<a href="http://ecollib.ump.edu.my/25669/">http://ecollib.ump.edu.my/25669/</a> |
| Public note |
Library access only |