MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
03422ntm a2200289 a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
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| control field |
vtls000099932 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
KUKTEM |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20251117113333.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
170503t2016 my a f am 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0000143(Local) |
| 039 #9 - LEVEL OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL AND CODING DETAIL [OBSOLETE] |
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| Level of rules in bibliographic description |
201905131418 |
| Level of effort used to assign nonsubject heading access points |
nazirah |
| Level of effort used to assign subject headings |
201710101657 |
| Level of effort used to assign classification |
aishah |
| -- |
201705031614 |
| -- |
nazri |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
FIST .H35 2016 r Thesis |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Nurul Hajar Embong |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Preparation of biodiesel from oil palm industrial waste using sulphated heterogeneous catalyst / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Nurul Hajar Embong |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
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| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
UMP, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2016 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
xiv, 106 p. : |
| Other physical details |
ill. (some col.) ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD-ROM |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Thesis (Master of Science (Industrial Chemistry)) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2016 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Bibliography : p. 93-104 |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
The use of waste, particularly in the biodiesel industry has gained great potential in countering higher feedstock cost. In the present work, methyl ester was prepared from waste sources, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and decanter cake oil (Dc-oil) via solid acid catalysts (SO42-/TiO2-SiO2 and NiSO4/SiO2). In line with the costing related matter, silica from rice husk ash (RHA), an agricultural waste, is used as a support for all the catalysts. The SO42-/TiO2-SiO2 and NiSO4/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation method. The obtained results showed that, both prepared catalysts lay in acidic form as tested using Hammett indicators. Both of the catalysts possessed mesoporous structures which were ideal catalyst for biodiesel production. PFAD was successfully esterified using SO42-/TiO2-SiO2 (calcined at 500 ºC) under the optimal conditions of 2.97 wt.% catalyst amount, 5.85:1 methanol to PFAD molar ratio and reaction time of 3.12 h to produce 93.3% methyl ester. Similarly, 93% methyl ester was achieved using NiSO4/SiO2 (calcined at 300 ºC) under the optimal conditions of 15 wt.% catalyst amount, 5:1 methanol to PFAD molar ratio and 7 h of methanol refluxing process. As for Dc-oil, SO42-/TiO2-SiO2 was used to transesterify the oil at optimal conditions of 5 wt.% catalyst amount , 9:1 methanol Dc-oil molar ratio for 5 h response time, producing 60.7% methyl esters. Similarly, 71% methyl esters was achieved using NiSO4/SiO2 under the optimal conditions of 11 wt.% catalyst amount, 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio for 9 h reaction time. The prepared SO42-/TiO2-SiO2 catalyst for the esterification of PFAD was found to be reused up to two times with more than 90% methyl esters produced. On other hand, NiSO4/SiO2 catalyst for the esterification of PFAD can be reused once only with methyl esters produced about 90%. Besides that, the findings also revealed SO42-/TiO2-SiO2 had better catalytic activity in esterification of PFAD and transesterification of Dc-oil compared to NiSO4/SiO2. The investigated solid acid catalysts, SO42-/TiO2-SiO2 and NiSO4/SiO2 were found applicable for esterification and transesterification of high FFA feedstock especially from waste feedstock. |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
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| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and Colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Theses |
| 856 40 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
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| Uniform Resource Identifier |
<a href="http://ecollib.ump.edu.my/25873/">http://ecollib.ump.edu.my/25873/</a> |
| Public note |
Library access only |