MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
02477nam a2200253 a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
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| control field |
vtls000031356 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
KUKTEM |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20251114204354.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
080902t2008 my a f m 000 0 eng|d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0004105(Local) |
| 039 #9 - LEVEL OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC CONTROL AND CODING DETAIL [OBSOLETE] |
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| Level of rules in bibliographic description |
201905160939 |
| Level of effort used to assign nonsubject heading access points |
fauzi |
| Level of effort used to assign subject headings |
201107132102 |
| Level of effort used to assign classification |
VLOAD |
| Level of effort used to assign subject headings |
201001281123 |
| Level of effort used to assign classification |
ida |
| Level of effort used to assign subject headings |
200908141515 |
| Level of effort used to assign classification |
VLOAD |
| -- |
200809021522 |
| -- |
ida84 |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
TP156.E8 Z83 2008 rs Thesis |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Zubair Mat Isa |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Extraction of gaharu esential oil using ultrasonic assisted hydrodistillation / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Zubair Mat Isa |
| 246 3# - VARYING FORM OF TITLE |
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| Title proper/short title |
Extraction of gaharu esential oil using ultrasonic assisted hydrodistillation |
| Medium |
[electronic resource] |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
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| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
UMP, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2008 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
39 p. : |
| Other physical details |
ill. (some col.) ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
1 computer disc |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Project paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang - 2008 |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Gaharu is one of the most highly valuable, non-timber products harvested from tropical forest that produces from the Aquilaria species trees naturally or mechanically. Its essential oil is used in varies industries as perfumes and also been used in religious occasion for centuries. The gaharu that was used in this research is grade C came from the peninsular of Malaysia and known as ‘karas’ among the locals. Recently, the gaharu essential oil traditionally extracted using hydro distillation. However, the method is not effective in producing the higher yield of oil and it is consumed a lot of time. The ultrasonic assisted hydro-distillation is introduced to enhance the process where the gaharu sample is put into an ultrasonic bath before distillate. The parameter that has been studied in this research are extraction time which are 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours and 9 hours, and the solid to solvent ratio which are from 1:8, 1:12, 1:16 and 1:20. Solvent been used in this research are water. From the result, it showed that the gaharu oil yield is increase along with the increase of extraction time and solid to solvent ratio and it is proved that this method are feasible to extract the gaharu oil. From the results, the highest oil yield percentage for solid to solvent ratio is for 1:20 which is 0.139 %. For extraction time, the highest percentage oil yield is for 9 hours which is 0.169 %.-Author |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Extraction (Chemistry) |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Agarwood (Wood) |