MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
03105ntm a2200373 i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
MY-KuUP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20251125105419.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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t||||fr|||| 000 0 |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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ta |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
191105t20192019my a|||fram|| 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0008187(Local) |
| Qualifying information |
hardback |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
UMP |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
FIST .N39 2019 r Thesis |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Nazratul Zaheera Abdul Kapor, |
| Relator term |
author. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Esterification of palm fatty acid distillate using sulfate based catalysts / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Nazratul Zaheera Abdul Kapor |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
UMP, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2019 |
| 264 #4 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
© 2019 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
xi, 79 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations (some color) ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD-ROM |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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| Content type term |
text |
| Source |
rdacontent |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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| Content type term |
text |
| Source |
rdacontent |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Media type term |
unmediated |
| Source |
rdamedia |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Media type term |
computer |
| Source |
rdamedia |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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| Carrier type term |
volume |
| Source |
rdacarrier |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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| Carrier type term |
computer disc |
| Source |
rdacarrier |
| 347 ## - DIGITAL FILE CHARACTERISTICS |
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| File type |
text file |
| Encoding format |
PDF |
| Source |
rda |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Thesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2019 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Includes bibliographical references |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Research on biodiesel is worth to be explored persistently as a promising solution for depletion of fossil fuel and to counter the escalation of environmental disruptions. This study focuses on the production of biodiesel by esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using sulfuric acid and three types of sulfated metal oxides, SO42-/Fe2O3, SO42-/Al2O3 and sulfated deoiled spent bleaching clay (SO42-/DSBC). PFAD is by-product from palm oil refinery, containing high amount of free fatty acid. Characterisation test found that PFAD used in this study had acid value of 164.52 mgKOH/g, saponification value of 167.4 mgKOH/g, iodine value of 52.3 g I2/100g and moisture content of 0.26%. All three solid catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation using sulfuric acid via ultrasonic method. Ultrasonic method is chosen as it had been proven to aid in catalyst preparation and produce better performing catalyst compared to the conventional preparation. All the catalysts were characterised using FESEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, Hammett indicators, TGA and BET. All the catalysts have acidity in the range of 1.8<pH<3.0. Among the catalysts, highest pore volume and surface area was recorded by SO42-/DSBC. Highest conversion obtained from among the heterogenous catalyst was SO42-/Fe2O3 with 87.81% methyl ester content at 90 °C, 5 h, 12:1 methanol to PFAD molar ratio and 7 wt% catalyst amount. Even with catalyst leaching, a conversion of 76.02% is achieved at fourth cycle of reusability. As for SO42-/DSBC, highest methyl ester obtained was 74.55% (at 110°C, 5 h, 12:1 methanol to PFAD molar ratio and 5 wt% catalyst amount) with fourth reusability gave 55.43% conversion, while SO42-/Al2O3 produced 67.81% methyl ester (at 110 °C, 9 h, 12:1 methanol to PFAD molar ratio and 7 wt% catalyst amount). |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
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| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Theses |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Thesis |