MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
04704nam a2200349 i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
MY-KuUP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20251125105937.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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| fixed length control field |
a||||fr|||| 001 0 |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
ta |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
220301t20202020my a|||fr|||| 001 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0009228(Local) |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
UMP |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
KK .M85 2020 r Thesis |
| 100 0# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Muhammad Mukhtar Noor Awalludin, |
| Relator term |
author. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Micro-explosion phenomenon of tri-fuel emulsion / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Muhammad Mukhtar Noor Awalludin |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Kuantan, Pahang : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
UMP, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2020 |
| 264 #4 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
|---|
| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
© 2020 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
xvi, 178 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations (some color) ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm. + |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD ROM |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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| Content type term |
text |
| Source |
rdacontent |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Media type term |
unmediated |
| Source |
rdamedia |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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| Carrier type term |
volume |
| Source |
rdacarrier |
| 347 ## - DIGITAL FILE CHARACTERISTICS |
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| File type |
text file |
| Encoding format |
PDF |
| Source |
rda |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
College of Engineering |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2020 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Includes bibliographical references |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
Compression Ignition engine has a significant share in transportation and many major industries because of the ability to withstand high compression ratio, reliable and costeffective. While effort is there to generate micro-explosion for the simultaneous reduction of particulate matter and NOx, the phenomenon has not been investigated in the high pressure spray injection and engine light atmosphere. In this study, tri-fuel emulsions consist of diesel, ethanol and biodiesel which is believed to be capable of secondary atomization advantage known as micro-explosion phenomenon were prepared using an ultrasonic emulsifier. The two-level factorial design method was employed with Design of Experiment platform to analyze the effect of ultrasonic emulsification control factors and the formulation ratio of ethanol and biodiesel into tri-fuel emulsion on the obtained physicochemical properties. Physicochemical properties include density, viscosity, surface tension and average droplet size. Evidence that micro-explosion had occurred on a spray droplet injected from the high-pressure common rail fuel injection system was identified using shadowgraph technique with the aid of high-speed camera under high temperature in the optical constant volume combustion chamber. The single-cylinder engine was set up to attain tri-fuel emulsions combustion characteristics. Ignition delay, heat release rate, and in-cylinder pressure were obtained and analyzed. From the fuel characterization study, the result revealed that density was influenced significantly by the ethanol content (single interaction) with the P-Value of 0.0023. Meanwhile, the viscosity level was influenced strongly (with the P-value < 0.0001) by the ethanol interaction with biodiesel ratio. Cycle setting plays a significant role to balance that interaction. Moreover, surface tension level was significantly dependent on cycle setting and ethanol content with P-value 0.0383. Surface tension decrease as ethanol level was increased. However, high cycle setting reduces the slope stiffness representing the decrease of the surface tension. Meanwhile, amplitude plays a significant role in manipulating biodiesel effect on the increase or decrease of the surface tension. Average droplet size also was triggered by amplitude setting prompt to biodiesel percentage in Tri-fuel emulsion. When high biodiesel fraction was combined with low amplitude setting, the average droplet size increased dramatically by 80%. Low amplitude setting while reducing the cycle setting causes the size to increase dramatically by 372%. Low-intensity micro-explosion phenomenon known as puffing occurred on a single droplet from a fuel injection spray. Puffing was regarded as single and double side puffing. The impact on droplet was appreciated via centricity, diameter, spread axial distance and surface area plot. The impact of micro-explosion phenomenon on single droplet opens up the door in between short period for the opportunity to atomize, evaporate and mix with air to take place. From spray characteristics, spray spread characteristics shows improvement of all tri-fuel emulsions as compared to diesel by 38.75% overall average enhancement. Average combustion characteristics result offered a positive outcome when the engine was running with no load. The heat release rate and in-cylinder pressure of tri-fuel emulsion during the ignition delay period exceed diesel. The peak of heat release rate and in-cylinder pressure of tri-fuel emulsion were improved compared to diesel. |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
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| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
College of Engineering |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Theses |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Thesis |