MARC details
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04293ntm a2200373 i 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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MY-KuUP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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20251125110753.0 |
| 006 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--ADDITIONAL MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS |
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t||||fr|||| 000 0 |
| 007 - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION FIXED FIELD--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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ta |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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230720t20232023my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
THE0009486 (Local) |
| Qualifying information |
Hardback |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
UMP |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
UMP |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 090 ## - LOCALLY ASSIGNED LC-TYPE CALL NUMBER (OCLC); LOCAL CALL NUMBER (RLIN) |
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| Classification number (OCLC) (R) ; Classification number, CALL (RLIN) (NR) |
FTKKP .A36 2023 r Thesis |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Nurul Ain Ismail, |
| Relator term |
author. |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Extraction of samarium, europium And gadolinium using [trialkylammonium][di-(2- Ethylhexyl) phosphate] / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Nurul Ain Ismail |
| 264 #1 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Pahang : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
UMP, |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2023 |
| 264 #4 - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
© 2023 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
xv, 176 pages : |
| Other physical details |
Illustration ; |
| Dimensions |
30 cm.+ |
| Accompanying material |
1 CD ROM |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacontent |
| Content type term |
text |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacontent |
| Content type term |
text |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Source |
rdamedia |
| Media type term |
unmediated |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Source |
rdamedia |
| Media type term |
computer |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacarrier |
| Carrier type term |
volume |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacarrier |
| Carrier type term |
computer disc |
| 347 ## - DIGITAL FILE CHARACTERISTICS |
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| Source |
rda |
| File type |
text file |
| Encoding format |
PDF |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2023 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Includes bibliographical reference |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
The separation of the rare earth elements is a difficult task owing to the chemical similarity of the lanthanides. The conventional solvent extraction method using (di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid), DEHPA requires a large number of stages and consumes significant amounts of acid and base for effective separation. In this study, a bifunctional ionic liquid [trialkylammonium][di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate], [A336][DEHPA] was investigated as an alternative extractant for the separation of samarium, europium and gadolinium was compared to DEHPA. The effect of acid type (acid nitric, HNO3, hydrochloric acid, HCl, sulfuric acid, H2SO4) and concentration (1.5M-5.0M) , as well as organic to aqueous (O:A) phase ratio (1:1,3:2,7:3,4:1,9:1) were studied using one-factorat- time (OFAT) experimental method. The response surface methodology (RSM) using historical data design (HDD) was further used to optimized and validate the results. The number of extraction and scrubbing stages were then calculated according to Counter Current Theory Model and were validated experimentally. Techno-economic analysis was performed for both extractants, with the published data on 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono 2-ethylhexyl ester (EHEHPA) serving as the baseline. The best condition for samarium separation was achieved using [A336][DEHPA] with separation factor of 2.93, in comparison with DEHPA with 1.93. The optimum samarium separation condition was using 3.0M HNO3 with O:A of 4:1 for [A336][DEHPA], and 2.0M HCl with O:A of 7:3 for DEHPA. The separation of remaining elements, europium and gadolinium, showed [A336][DEHPA] have better separation capabilities against DEHPA with separation factors of 3.44 and 2.38, respectively. The optimum condition for separation of europium and gadolinium was 3.5M HNO3 at O:A of 4:1 for [A336][DEHPA] and 3.0M. HCl at O:A of 4:1 for DEHPA. The total number of extraction and scrubbing stages for the entire process calculated and validated for each extractant was 30 stages for [A336][DEHPA] and 46 stages for DEHPA. The benchmark selected for techno-economic comparison in this study was EHEHPA, a well-established extractant used in industrial applications. The analysis revealed that the overall cost for [A336][DEHPA] was 46.49% lower than the cost of the baseline (EHEHPA), indicating a substantial reduction in expenses achieved by the new extractant. Additionally, DEHPA demonstrated a cost reduction of 34.15% compared to the baseline. This difference was primarily attributed to the higher cost associated with the development of the mixer settler for EHEHPA and DEHPA. In conclusion, [A336][DEHPA] demonstrated superior separation capabilities with higher separation factors, lower reagent consumption, and reduced costs compared to other extractants. It offers a greener alternative with a smaller number of stages required for rare earth processing. Therefore, [A336][DEHPA] holds great promise for industrial mineral processing in the future. |
| 610 20 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
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| Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Universities and colleges |
| General subdivision |
Dissertations |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Thesis |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Thesis |