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Synthesis of coffee waste activated carbon for iron removal from leachate wastewater / Gobinath Gunasegaran

By:

Gobinath Gunasegaran [author.]

Material type: Text

text

Media type:

unmediated

Carrier type:

volume

ISBN:

THE0010507 (Local)

Subject(s):

Online resources:

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Dissertation note: Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Abstract: Coffee waste is the industrial and agricultural residue with high commodity trade value, and it can be used to produce activated carbon because it contains high concentration of organic substances such as carbon and silicon. Heavy metals such as copper and iron exposures have been increased worldwide and as a result, have increased deleterious human health. Therefore, in this project, the development of activated carbon from coffee waste for removing iron was performed to reduce the disposal of coffee waste by transforming it into valuable activated carbon. The synthesis of coffee waste activated carbon was prepared according to chemical and physical activation. Physical activation was activated through the flow of nitrogen gas at 500 °C while chemical activation was activated with zinc chloride as the chemical activating agent. The physicochemical properties of the coffee waste activated carbon were characterized by BET, FTIR, TGA, SEM and AAS analysis. BET analysis showed the chemical CWAC had the highest specified surface area (47.75 m2/g) compared to physical CWAC (29.53 m2/g) and raw coffee waste (11.59 m2/g). FTIR analysis showed both the physical and chemical CWACs had a lot of anion functional groups, mainly O-H, C-H, N-H and S=O, hence ionexchange was able to take place for removing the cations iron. TGA showed both CWACs exhibited high thermal stability which they did not fully decomposed at 900 °C. SEM images show that raw coffee waste had debris (fibers) on the surface because it was not properly cleaned before analysis while chemical CWAC showed higher porosity than physical CWAC. In AAS analysis, both the physical and chemical CWACs show the capability to adsorb the iron ion, however chemical CWAC was more effective due to a higher percent removal. In short, the analysis discovered that chemical activation by using ZnCl2 as a chemical activator led to high-efficiency removal of iron ions. Therefore, chemical activation is the best activation method for the synthesis of activated carbon from coffee waste.

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Holdings
Item type	Current library	Call number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Final Year Report	UMPLIB GAMBANG	FTKKP .G63 2025 r Bc (Browse shelf(Opens below))	Not for loan		T000004200

Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology

Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025

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Coffee waste is the industrial and agricultural residue with high commodity trade value, and it can be used to produce activated carbon because it contains high concentration of organic substances such as carbon and silicon. Heavy metals such as copper and iron exposures have been increased worldwide and as a result, have increased deleterious human health. Therefore, in this project, the development of activated carbon from coffee waste for removing iron was performed to reduce the disposal of coffee waste by transforming it into valuable activated carbon. The synthesis of coffee waste activated carbon was prepared according to chemical and physical activation. Physical activation was activated through the flow of nitrogen gas at 500 °C while chemical activation was activated with zinc chloride as the chemical activating agent. The physicochemical properties of the coffee waste activated carbon were characterized by BET, FTIR, TGA, SEM and AAS analysis. BET analysis showed the chemical CWAC had the highest specified surface area (47.75 m2/g) compared to physical CWAC (29.53 m2/g) and raw coffee waste (11.59 m2/g). FTIR analysis showed both the physical and chemical CWACs had a lot of anion functional groups, mainly O-H, C-H, N-H and S=O, hence ionexchange was able to take place for removing the cations iron. TGA showed both CWACs exhibited high thermal stability which they did not fully decomposed at 900 °C. SEM images show that raw coffee waste had debris (fibers) on the surface because it was not properly cleaned before analysis while chemical CWAC showed higher porosity than physical CWAC. In AAS analysis, both the physical and chemical CWACs show the capability to adsorb the iron ion, however chemical CWAC was more effective due to a higher percent removal. In short, the analysis discovered that chemical activation by using ZnCl2 as a chemical activator led to high-efficiency removal of iron ions. Therefore, chemical activation is the best activation method for the synthesis of activated carbon from coffee waste.