Development of face serum using natural extract (banana) / Lily Azreen Binti Saipol Bahri

Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology

Final Year Report (Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Pharmaceuticals) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025

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Facial serums have become an essential part of skincare routines, appreciated for their lightweight texture and ability to deliver potent ingredients that address specific concerns like hydration, anti-aging, and acne. This study focused on formulating three serums using natural extracts from banana, chrysanthemum, and moringa—plants celebrated for their high levels of antioxidants, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and antibacterial properties. These natural ingredients were chosen for their potential to create effective, eco-friendly skincare solutions. The formulation process involved three key phases: a water phase (85% of the total formula), an active ingredient phase (10%), and an oil phase (5%). These phases were carefully combined with a homogenizer for two minutes to ensure a smooth, consistent texture. To evaluate their stability, the serums were stored under three extreme temperature conditions, 3°C, 25°C and 40°C, for 90 days. Throughout the testing period, all three formulations demonstrated exceptional stability, with no signs of phase separation and a consistently smooth texture. In addition, the serums maintained a pH range between 5.1 and 5.3, which is considered ideal for supporting healthy skin without causing irritation. This balance highlights the gentle yet effective nature of these formulations, making them suitable for regular use. The study’s findings suggest that banana, chrysanthemum, and moringa extracts hold significant potential as natural ingredients for skincare products, addressing the growing consumer demand for sustainable and eco-friendly beauty options. Despite these promising results, further research is needed to fully understand the long-term stability and efficacy of these serums. Clinical trials on diverse skin types and extended testing periods would provide deeper insights into their performance and commercial viability. Such efforts could pave the way for these natural formulations to become a sustainable and effective addition to the skincare market