Project planning and control : planning and scheduling framework for contractors in the construction industry / Lim Huad Chiang

Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology

Thesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah - 2026

Includes bibliographical references

Poor planning and scheduling practices remain a major issue in construction projects because they can lead to unrealistic schedules, poor resource coordination, weak project control, delays, and cost overruns. Although project management software is widely used to support construction planning and scheduling, its effectiveness depends on how well project information, scheduling techniques, resources, and control processes are integrated. However, contractor organisations still lack a structured framework that clearly connects planning and scheduling processes with project management software tools to support feasible schedule model development. This study aimed to develop and validate an integrated planning and scheduling framework tailored for contractor organisations in the construction industry. The study adopted an interpretive and inductive approach using qualitative case study research. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with operational personnel directly involved in project planning and scheduling. Document reviews and observations were also used to support the interview findings and provide additional contextual understanding. Using qualitative content analysis, the study identified the key elements required for schedule model development. The findings showed that Scope Management, Schedule Management, and Cost Management were the primary knowledge areas influencing planning and scheduling practices. The framework integrated the Input, Tools and Techniques, and Output (ITTO) concept through eleven inputs, sixteen tools and techniques, and twenty-three project data parameters to support schedule model development. The framework was validated through expert review by project managers representing contractor organisations. The validation confirmed that the framework was practical, relevant, and aligned with actual industry practices. The developed framework benefits contractor organisations by providing a structured process for improving work scope structuring, activity sequencing, duration estimation, resource allocation, cost integration, project coordination, monitoring, and control. Overall, the framework supports the development of more feasible schedules and contributes to more systematic and efficient planning and scheduling practices in construction projects.