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Liquefaction risks on bulk cargoes carrying unamended & amended Gebeng bauxite in accordance to International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) code / Muhammad Fat-Hi Al Juwaini Pahrol

By:

Muhammad Fat-Hi Al Juwaini Pahrol [author.]

Material type: Text

TextPublisher: Kuantan, Pahang : UMP, 2018Description: xvi, 71 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm. + 1 CD ROMContent type:

text

Media type:

unmediated
computer

Carrier type:

volume
computer disc

ISBN:

THE0000404(Local)

Other title:

Liquefaction risks on bulk cargoes carrying unamended and amended Gebeng bauxite in accordance to International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) code

Subject(s):

Dissertation note: Project Paper (Bachelor Degree in Civil Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2018 Abstract: Improving aggregate formation and stability of bauxite is essential in order to understanding the risk of liquefaction in bulk cargoes. Effects of gypsum and vermicompost on related chemical and physical conditions of bauxite residue were studied in a laboratory incubation experiment. Addition of gypsum at 2% and 4% w/w reduced pH and exchangeable sodium percentage, whilst increasing exchangeable calcium content. Addition of vermicompost reduced bulk density, whilst significantly increasing porosity and total organic carbon. Vermicompost had a positive effect on the formation and stabilization of water-stable aggregates in the residue, whilst gypsum was more beneficial to silt-sized micro aggregate flocculation. Amendments also enhanced the erosion resistance of bauxite residue. Furthermore, wet sieving using the modified Le Bissonnais’ (LB) method revealed that in comparison to differential clay swelling and mechanical breakdown, slaking was the major disaggregation mechanism of residue aggregates. The combination of gypsum and vermicompost converted the residue from a sheet-like structure to a granular macro aggregated structure, whilst converting micro aggregates from a grain to a granular or prismatic structure. The findings of this work suggest that application of gypsum and vermicompost to bauxite residue may directly influence aggregate size distribution and its micromorphology, resulting in the improvement of both aggregate stability and structure to reduce liquefaction risk.

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Holdings ( 2 )
Title notes ( 4 )

Holdings
Item type	Current library	Call number	Copy number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Final Year Report	UMPLIB GAMBANG	FKASA .F38 2018 r Bc. (Browse shelf(Opens below))	1	Not for loan		0000122782
Final Year Report	UMPLIB GAMBANG	CD 11274 \| FKASA .F38 2018 r Bc. (Browse shelf(Opens below))	1	Not for loan		0000122783

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources

Project Paper (Bachelor Degree in Civil Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2018

Includes bibliographical references

Improving aggregate formation and stability of bauxite is essential in order to understanding the risk of liquefaction in bulk cargoes. Effects of gypsum and vermicompost on related chemical and physical conditions of bauxite residue were studied in a laboratory incubation experiment. Addition of gypsum at 2% and 4% w/w reduced pH and exchangeable sodium percentage, whilst increasing exchangeable calcium content. Addition of vermicompost reduced bulk density, whilst significantly increasing porosity and total organic carbon. Vermicompost had a positive effect on the formation and stabilization of water-stable aggregates in the residue, whilst gypsum was more beneficial to silt-sized micro aggregate flocculation. Amendments also enhanced the erosion resistance of bauxite residue. Furthermore, wet sieving using the modified Le Bissonnais’ (LB) method revealed that in comparison to differential clay swelling and mechanical breakdown, slaking was the major disaggregation mechanism of residue aggregates. The combination of gypsum and vermicompost converted the residue from a sheet-like structure to a granular macro aggregated structure, whilst converting micro aggregates from a grain to a granular or prismatic structure. The findings of this work suggest that application of gypsum and vermicompost to bauxite residue may directly influence aggregate size distribution and its micromorphology, resulting in the improvement of both aggregate stability and structure to reduce liquefaction risk.