Study on the potential of capra hircus feed by utilizing agroindustrial waste and palm acid oil / Farah Amalina Ishak

Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology

Thesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2020

Includes bibliographical references

Today, waste and waste management has given rise to many pressing issues. Waste management is a crucial area related to the economic status of a country and the lifestyle of its population. Wastewater pollution from high production of palm oil results in high production of palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a main problem throughout the world. This study is focus on reducing the negative impact of agricultural residues to the environment by utilizing agro-industrial waste like palm oil mill effluent (POME), coconut residue and water lettuce with palm acid oil (PAO) as now feedstock is expensive, and the demand of meats consumption is increasing. Therefore, this study also to investigate the effectiveness of proper feeding program on goat with suitable composition of agro-industrial waste to form a dietary treatment. The treatments of the goats feed were based on the feeding guidelines book by Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia. In experiment, eight (8) male (Boer x Local) goats were used and divided into four groups of two animals each (A, B, C and Control) with different diet of feeds. The goats aged 6 months were used, and the average weight of goats was 23.5±3.8kg. The goats were fed the diet for continuous 7 months (14 days adaptation and 196 days evaluation). In this study, three (3) diets were used Diet 1 (D1), Diet 2 (D2) dan Diet 3 (D3) to be compared to control diet (CD) that was fed Napier grass only at 3kg. Six (6) goats were fed with the treatment diet meanwhile, the other two (2) goats were fed with its regular feeds which is Napier Grass only and act as the control. Each diet contains different nutrient and composition. The nutrient in each diet was calculated based on feeding guides by Department of Veterinary Services entitled Nutrient Composition of Malaysian Feed Materials and Guides to Feeding of Cattles and Goats. All these samples have nutrient needed by the goat and have a big potential to produce the animal feed. Then, the parameters to be analyse were nutrient intake, digestibility and performance growth including body weight gain (BWG), average daily gain (ADG) and body condition score (BCS) of goats. The result obtained recorded and compared with the control goats. The goats fed with treatment groups were good in gaining body weight compare to the control group. This is because each diet has nutrients required by livestock in it. Results showed that goats that take D1 has the highest growth performance. In this study, water lettuce was proven to be high nutrient comparably with Napier grass. The combination of these five ingredients provided adequate nutrient that contains best quality of composition value like crude fiber (CF), crude protein (CP), metabolizable energy (ME) and dry matter (DM). DM in the feeds ensured the good digestion of the goats and CP is to increase the growth performance of livestock as proper feeding system for fed replacement within the experiment period. Thus, this prove that the dietary treatments were significantly effective compare to the regular feeds and help on reducing the negative impact of agricultural residues to the environment and has an effective cost. Apart from that, the high growth performance contributes to cater the high demand of meats consumption.