04566ntm a2200337 i 4500 0 0 lcc 0 1 REF 10000 10000 2024-06-13 0 FTKA .J44 2023 r Thesis T000003101 2024-06-13 00:00:00 2024-06-13 THESIS 0 0 lcc 0 0 10000 10000 2024-06-13 0 CD13521 T000003102 2024-06-13 00:00:00 2024-06-13 THESIS 100899 100905 MY-KuUP 20251125110903.0 t||||fr|||| 000 0 ta 240613t20242024my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0009881 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMP rda FTKA .J44 2023 r Thesis Jeevithan A/l Kirushna Moorthi, author. The performance of rail track ballast incorporating waste materials in reducing damages / Jeevithan A/l Kirushna Moorthi Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2023 © 2023 xx, 169 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology Thesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2023 Includes bibliographical references Railway track bed degradation happens due to single-particle and angular corner breakage, which is the current research interest. However, there is a lack of studies on how various inventory waste incorporation affects particle damages. The dependency on the natural aggregates to be utilized as track bed material is relatively high. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine if bottom ash (BA) from power plants and concrete debris (CD) gathered from demolished structures can be used in the construction of railroads. To accomplish the goal, tests for permeability, specific gravity, water absorption, and sieve analysis were conducted. The microscopic examination is also used to supplement the results. Twelve different alternative track design mixtures (TDM) were prepared by mixing CD and BA with conventional ballast (CB). According to the results, the waste mixed ballast has a coefficient of uniformity (Cu) between 1.92 and 12, a coefficient of curvature (Cc) between 0.8 and 1.18, fines less than 14 mm ranged from 0.1% to 28%, and the mean size is between 22.5 mm and 27.5 mm. Additionally, the range of flakiness is between 7.56% and 22.5%. The void ratio is between 0.43 and 0.55, and the range of water absorption is between 2.86% and 4%. When the permeability was measured from 30 cm/s to 61 cm/s, it was discovered that the specific gravity ranged from 2.30 to 2.77. Besides, this study assesses the damage that can be minimised by adding waste to conventional ballast (CB). On top of that, the ideal waste incorporation rate needed to maintain the ballast function was assessed. Los Angeles Abrasion (LAA) test was used to accelerate the degradation of these mixes and to measure the initial and final particle size distribution (PSD). Through the PSD of each TDM, the Hardin breakage index (HBI), ballast breakage index (BBI), void contamination index (VCI), and fouling index (FI) were determined. The BBI value within the TDM increased by 26.56% when bottom ash and concrete debris were introduced in varying percentages, but never more than 50% overall. Improvements in the HBI, FI, and VCI totalled 64.51%, 5.5%, and 5.11%, respectively. This demonstrates that waste integration successfully slows down the overall deterioration of the track bed. As a result, the BBI for ballast containing waste ranged from 0.34 to 0.6, while the HBI was between 0 and 0.61. The VCI ranged from 33.28% to 62.45%, while the fouling index was less than 15.5%. Even though there were chemical reactions, leaching, and the possibility of the production of foreign material under the effect of time and temperature, leaching did not exceed the present threshold limits. Even if leaching occurs, it is slower than in past research. As a result, the bottom ash and concrete waste can be utilised as TDM in a safe manner with little pre-treatment. It is advised to apply a TDM that is composed of 50% conventional ballast, 40–45% concrete debris, and 5–10% bottom ash. The basic technical and mechanical qualities of this group of materials have achieved outstanding results, and they have no negative effects on the environment. In conclusion, it is possible to lessen the need and dependence on natural ballast. This supports the idea of sustainable development in the railway construction sector. Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations lcc THESIS