Mohammed Abdulqawi Ahmed Mohammed, <br/><br/>
Ultrasonic assisted solvent  extraction for oil recovery from  oily sludge / 
Mohammed Abdulqawi Ahmed Mohammed 
 - xvi, 138 pages :  illustrations (some color) ;  30 cm. +  1 CD-ROM 
<br/><br/> Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology 
<br/><br/>Thesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2024 
<br/><br/>Includes bibliographical references 
<br/><br/> Oily sludge is a hazardous waste product produced from the exploration, production,  transportation and refining process of crude oil. Considering oily sludge containing relatively high amount of oil, oil recovery would be the most desirable approach for its  treatment. Solvent extraction is a common method used in extracting oil from oily sludge.  The technique depends on various parameters including types of solvent, solvent to  sludge ratio, mixing time and temperature. However, with this single chemical treatment,  the separation process is less effective. Ultrasound wave fields are utilized in cleaning  procedures and aiding chemical reactions to accelerate cleaning and reduce reaction  times. Hence, in this study, a hybrid physical-chemical method was proposed for the oily  sludge treatment where the solvent extraction was assisted by Ultrasonic irradiation. Five  different solvents were evaluated, namely Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK), Toluene,  Cyclohexane (CHX), Ethyl Acetate (EA), and Dichloromethane (DCM). The parameters  of concerned in this study were sludge to solvent ratio, mixing speed, and mixing time.  The results showed that MEK was the best solvent in extracting the oil from the sludge  with 67.57% yield, followed by toluene (65.69%), CHX (64.71%, EA (63.39%), and  DCM (47.79%). Solvent polarity and intermolecular interaction play the key role in the  extraction. The amphiphilic nature of MEK stroked the optimal balance of solvency  which helped MEK to achieve the highest yield. At the optimum operating conditions,  the sample was subjected to ultrasound waves field, with varying power levels of 3, 6,  and 9 set on the ultrasonic system. Within 40 minutes of ultrasonication, 92.33% yield of  oil was extracted from the oily sludge at power level of 3: an increase of 24.76% from oil  yield of solvent extraction technique alone. Ultrasonic cavitation activity gave high  impact in releasing trapped oil droplets on the surface and within the pore structure of  solids which resulted in the higher oil yield. The high percentage of oil yield from  ultrasonicated solvent extraction technique indicated a promising method to be used in  treating oily sludge. 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>THE0009970 (Local) 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Corporate Names: </label><br/>Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology--Dissertations
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Universities and colleges--Dissertations<br/>Theses--Dissertations