TY  - MANSCPT
AU  - Yow,Hui Ming
TI  - Feasibility study of on-site recycling of palm oil waste as  biofuel in malaysia
SN  - THE0010049 (Local)
PY  - 2024///
CY  - Kuantan, Pahang
PB  - UMPSA
KW  - Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology
KW  - Dissertations
KW  - Universities and colleges
KW  - Theses
N1  - Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology; Thesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2024; Includes bibliographical references
N2  - Malaysia produces approximately 168 million tonnes of biomass, including palm oil waste, rice  husks, coconut debris, sugar cane waste, urban waste, and forestry waste. The abundance of  biomass resources provides a competitive advantage over other renewable energy sources.  However, the industry faces restrictions and challenges, such as high disposal costs, electricity  consumption, and related expenses. To address these issues, it is crucial to study the types of  biomass available, the current technology for biomass energy production (waste-to-energy), and  the relevant environmental motivations, initiatives, and legislation. This research analyzes the  agricultural waste from oil palm available for energy generation, the existing technologies to  convert waste into energy, and the role of environmental policies in the agricultural processing  business. Energy recycling, which involves utilizing agricultural waste to generate electricity and  thermal energy, is proposed as a viable solution. Several technologies are explored, including  anaerobic digestion, gasification, incineration/combustion, and pyrolysis, each with advantages  and disadvantages. The classification of oil palm waste in Malaysia is carried out to understand  the type of oil palm waste available. The energy potential of each type of palm oil waste is  quantified using regression modeling which involved data collected from 3 different companies  from 2020 to 2021 from the oil palm industry. First, the biomass potential is calculated using the  total mass and the moisture content. The shell was found to have the highest biomass potential of  19 kT/month. Then, the energy potential for each technology, namely, anaerobic digestion,  combustion, and gasification, is calculated, using the experimental yield found in the literature to  convert the biomass into combustible gases. Gasification was found to have the highest energy  potential of 98,235,030 kWh/year for shell biomass. Subsequently, the efficiency of electricity  generation as a result of burning these combustible gases is quantified. Similarly to the energy  potential, the shell gives the highest energy when it undergoes gasification with an electricity yield  of 655.59 mil kWh/year. Based on that capacity, the cost and other techno-economic indicators  such as cash flow and payback period are calculated and compared for the different technologies.  The model is then compared with industrial data and found to be 23% lower in biogas yield and  6% higher in energy conversion efficiency. Gasification is also found to produce the largest  amount of electrical energy, 655.59 mil kWh / year, while anaerobic digestion has the shortest  payback period of 2.70 years. Thermochemical processes are also highlighted for their  effectiveness, requiring minimal pre-treatment, shorter reaction times, and adaptability to various  biomass feedstocks and climatic conditions. The implementation of incentives, initiatives, and  policies by the Malaysian government serves as guidelines for the oil palm agricultural processing  industry to adopt energy recycling practices. By emphasising energy sustainability and promoting  green technology, the industry can contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly  energy landscape. In summary, this study has presented several different technologies for biomass  energy production and their advantages and disadvantages to allow industry players to make a  more informed decision about decarbonization and green energy
ER  -