Hafiz Bin Husin creator author. text my 2025 2025 monographic eng xvii, 140 pages : illustrations ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM Surface texturing is gaining recognition in various industries due to its capacity to enhance material qualities, particularly friction and surface functionality. It is frequently employed on material surfaces to improve performance in controlling friction. The objective of the research is to investigate how different abrasive waterjet machining settings influence the surface texturing of stainless steel 304. It also examines how variations in texturing density and the number of jet passes affect the material's frictional behavior. Additionally, the research seeks to understand the underlying mechanisms through which abrasive waterjet surface texturing enhances friction performance. Current research also examined the effects of the masked and multiple passes machining technique on surface texturing features of stainless steel using an abrasive water jet. The machining parameters for the AWJM chosen were pressures of 50MPa, 75 MPa, and 100 MPa, traverse speeds of 50 mm/s, 100 mm/s, and 150 mm/s, standoff distances of 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm), and passes of one pass, two passes and three passes. Texturing densities and machining pass parameters were used in the friction mechanism. A mask with circular holes of different densities was placed over the specimen surface throughout the experiment. Subsequently, the waterjet nozzle was moved along the mask to produce the texturing on the stainless-steel surface. The results revealed that altering the AWJM parameter leads to variations in the circular crater depths, affecting inner surface roughness. However, the width is unaffected due to the mask template application. The texturing densities affect the friction, showing higher densities and producing a lower coefficient of friction. The main factors identified by examining the friction mechanism present in dry sliding and the actual contact area are the debris trap mechanism and the low contact area due to the craters produced on the surface. The surface microstructure analysis provided an excellent understanding of the material removal mechanism involving initial and evolved damages. The multiple passes technique directly affects the stainless-steel surface’s crater roughness, depth, and friction coefficient. Higher machining passes increase the friction coefficient, depth, and surface texturing crater roughness. Increasing the number of jet passes leads to a higher roughness and more erosion. High machining speeds (v = 150 mm/s, h = 15 mm) showed the best results for observing how pressure affects surface roughness, which significantly improves as pressure increases from 50 to 100 MPa. For surface roughness, the medium jet standoff distance (v = 100 mm/s, p = 75 MPa) gave the most consistent results, with roughness increasing as the standoff distance grew. Low machining settings (h = 5 mm, p = 50 MPa) were optimal for the number of passes affecting surface roughness and the relationship between traverse speed and roughness. Finally, medium settings (h = 10 mm, p = 100 MPa) produced the best crater depth results, clearly showing the connection between machining passes and crater characteristics. Increasing the waterjet passes and texturing densities shows an evident increase in the coefficient of friction (CoF). From one pass to two passes, the CoF increases by 19.5%, and from two to three passes, it increases by 23.4%. Similarly, the CoF decreases by 2.58% as the texturing density rises from 4% to 8%. However, an even more significant decrease of 21.9% occurs when the density rises from 8% to 18%. These results indicate that higher texturing density is essential for reducing friction, as evidenced by the significant decrease in CoF between 8% and 18% density. Thus, the correct parameters are crucial for obtaining the desired results in surface texturing. specialized Hafiz Bin Husin Faculty of Manufacturing & Mechatronics Engineering Technology Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang - 2025 Includes bibliographical references Faculty of Manufacturing & Mechatronics Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations THE0010334 (Local) UMPSA 260212 20260212174831.0 eng