TY  - MANSCPT
AU  - Usha A/p S.ramesh
TI  - Fatty acids from palm biosolid for valuable fine chemicals
SN  - THE0010464 (Local)
PY  - 2025///
CY  - Kuantan, Pahang
PB  - UMPSA
KW  - Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
KW  - Dissertations
KW  - Universities and colleges
KW  - Theses
N1  - Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology; Final Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science of Industrial Chemistry) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025; Include bibliographical reference
N2  - Palm biosolid, a waste from palm oil industries, has potential as a sustainable source for  fatty acid (FA) extraction for valuable fine chemicals, aiming to reduce reliance on  petrochemicals and promote sustainable practices. The objectives were identified functional groups in palm biosolid, extracted FA using Soxhlet extraction and analyzed  the extracted FA using Gas-Chromatography-Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS). FourierTransformed-Infrared-Ray (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of carboxylic acid  functional groups in FA with peaks at 1384.30 cm⁻¹ (OH bending) and 1700.49 cm⁻¹  (C=O carbonyl stretching). Soxhlet extraction was optimized using solvents of varying  polarity like hexane, isopropanol, methyl-tert-butyl-ether (MTBE) and diethyl ether. The  highest extraction yield achieved with isopropanol (30.12%), followed by hexane  (4.94%), diethyl ether (4.00%), and MTBE (3.26%). GC-MS analysis employed both  dilution and esterification methods. The dilution method identified significant FA like 9- octadecenoic acid with 7.09% for hexane, 0.34% of 7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic acid for  isopropanol, 1.22% of C18 unsaturated isomers for MTBE and 13.38% C18 unsaturated  isomers for diethyl ether. The esterification method revealed a broader range of longchain fatty acids (LCFA) and improved chromatographic resolution. Prominent  detections included 1.22% for heneicosanoic and tetracosanoic acids, hexadecanoic acid  (3.89%) for isopropanol and 1.29% and 12.73% C18 unsaturated isomers for MTBE and  diethyl ether. The method for detecting medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and LCFA in  palm biosolid has been validated, offering an eco-friendly, cost-effective alternative to  fossil fuels for FA extraction. This research validates palm biosolid's viability as  sustainable feedstock, minimizing environmental impact while enhancing industrial  value and promoting global sustainability in palm oil production
ER  -