TY  - MANSCPT
AU  - Nor Asrul Bin Maarof
TI  - Mannose carbonylation with urea or the synthesis of bio-based fuel additive chemicals
SN  - THE0010475 (Local)
PY  - 2025///
CY  - Kuantan, Pahang
PB  - UMPSA
KW  - Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology 502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science of Industrial Chemistry) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
KW  - Dissertations
KW  - Universities and colleges
N1  - Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology; Final Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science of Industrial Chemistry) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025; Include bibliographical reference
N2  - The synthesis of bio-based chemicals as fuel additives offers a sustainable alternative to reduce  reliance on non-renewable resources. This research focuses on the carbonylation of mannose  with urea to produce mannose carbonate, a six-membered cyclic organic carbonate with  potential applications as a renewable fuel additive. The study employs heterogeneous catalysts,  specifically ZrO2/MCM-41 and CeO2/MCM-41, prepared using the wet impregnation method,  which enhance reaction efficiency and selectivity. The objectives include investigating the  physico-chemical properties of the catalysts, optimizing the reaction parameters, and assessing  the feasibility of mannose carbonate as a fuel additive. The synthesized catalysts were  characterized using advanced analytical techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, BET, and acido-basic analysis, to evaluate their structural and chemical properties. Reaction products were analysed  using FTIR and GC-FID to determine yield and selectivity. Results revealed that the mannose carbonate synthesis process is significantly influenced by  catalyst properties, reaction temperature, and duration. The catalysts demonstrated high  reusability, with minimal loss in activity after multiple cycles. Mannose carbonate, with its  oxygen-rich structure, exhibited superior combustion properties, reducing emissions of  hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter, thereby enhancing fuel combustion  efficiency and cleanliness. The findings provide a foundation for scaling up bio-based fuel  additives, aligning with global efforts to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas  emissions
UR  - https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/46098
ER  -