Law, Ann Gie creator author. text my 2025 2025 monographic eng x, 84 pages : illustrations ; This study investigates the extraction and characterisation of bioactive chemical compounds from the leaves of Aquilaria malaccensis (agarwood) processed through two distinct drying methods: spray drying and freeze drying. Employing water-based Soxhlet extraction, the research identifies the influence of these drying techniques on the retention and degradation of volatile and non-volatile compounds, evaluated through advanced analytical methods, including Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) and Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS). Freeze drying demonstrated superior preservation of thermally sensitive bioactive compounds such as phenylethyl alcohol, 1-galloyl-β-D-glucose, and Dengibsin, essential for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. In contrast, spray drying retained robust compounds like Tubuloside A and 6-Gingerol but exhibited significant loss of chemical diversity due to thermal degradation. This comparative analysis underscores the efficacy of freeze drying in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of bioactives, positioning it as the preferred method for premium applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. specialized Law Ann Gie Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science of Industrial Chemistry) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Include bibliographical reference Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations THE0010482 (Local) https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/46118 https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/46118 UMPSA 260420 20260420184047.0 eng