02848ntm a2200313 i 4500003000800000005001700008006001900025007000300044008004100047020003300088040002700121100004800148245014200196264003600338264001200374300003600386336002100422337002500443338002300468347002400491500005900515502012400574504003800698520161600736610007402352650004502426650001802471856004502489MY-KuUP20260429161937.0t||||fr|||| 000 0 ta260429t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d  aTHE0010515 (Local)qHardback  aUMPSAbengcUMPSAerda1 aNoor Atirah Binti Muhammad Muslih,eauthor.10aTorrefaction and pelletization of palm kernel shell and wood sawdust for renewable energy production /cNoor Atirah Binti Muhammad Muslih 1aKuantan, Pahang :bUMPSA,c2025 4c© 2025  axi, 61 pages :billustrations ;  2rdacontentatext  2rdamediaaunmediated  2rdacarrieravolume  2rdaatext filebPDF  aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology  aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025  aInclude bibliographical reference3 aBiomass, being a renewable resource, is considered carbon neutral as it releases carbon dioxide absorbed during its growth, counteracting the greenhouse effect. Despite its potential, challenges such as high moisture content and low bulk density hinder the costeffective utilization of biomass. This study explores the transformative impact of torrefaction and pelletization on palm oil biomass specifically palm kernel shell (PKS) and wood sawdust (WS), focusing on its economic viability and environmental advantages. Torrefaction, a thermal pre-treatment process, enhances biomass physicochemical characteristics by subjecting it to temperatures between 200 and 300 °C, removing moisture and volatile matter. This results in improved carbon content, higher heating value, grindability, and hydrophobicity of torrefied biomass. However, challenges persist, including lower bulk and energy densities compared to conventional coal, and the potential risk of explosion due to the powdery form of torrefied fuel. To address these challenges, the study proposes the integration of torrefaction with pelletization, focusing on Malaysia’s palm oil wastes, PKS as well as WS. Fuel characteristics are enhanced by the increased oh High Heating Value (HHV) with PKS having the highest value 29.0007 MJ/kg at 275°C and high fixed carbon 46.69 %. Single pellet of PKS after torrefied at 275°C compared to mix pellet PKS and WS. The single pellet of PKS has the highest impact resistance 99.33%. These results suggest that torrefaction and pelletization are effective to produce high-quality biomass pellets from PKS.20aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering TechnologyxDissertations 0aUniversities and collegesxDissertations 0xDissertations  uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47236