Muhammad Nur Zuhaiqal Bin Mohd Safri, <br/><br/>
Preparation and characterisation of rubber seed shells as activated carbon source by using different chemical activation concentration for wastewater treatment application /  Muhammad Nur Zuhaiqal Bin Mohd Safri 

 - x, 32 pages :  illustrations ; 
<br/><br/> Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology 
<br/><br/>Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 
<br/><br/>Include bibliographical reference 
<br/><br/> In this study, rubber seed shells, a product from local rubber plantation, was investigated as a source for activated carbon for wastewater filtration. Activated carbon (AC) synthesis was completed by muffled furnace in the temperature of 500 °C after infusing with the impregnation agent. The chemical activation process was done through soaking of the impregnation agent, potassium hydroxide (KOH) in the concentration range (1 M, 1.5 M, and 2 M) and washed with warm distilled water after soaking overnight. The washed AC is then dried out in an oven overnight at the temperature of 100 °C. Then the water filtration model was assembled using pebble, rough sand, AC, fine sand, cotton, and mesh net (from top to bottom in that order). Characterization tests were carried out such as scanning electron microscope and Fourier Transform Infrared to study the surface area of the AC, volume of the pores and to identify the functional group of the AC. The best result gained is the AC from a concentration of 2.0 M. The morphology of the surface texture shows a good distribution of pores with a hint of surface erosion due to high concentration. FTIR spectra result shows a good transmission % at O–H, C=O, and C–O stretching vibration region. This sample of AC shows the highest value for surface area, pore volume and the smallest pore diameter. The filtered water sample was tested with pH meter, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The lowest COD value gained is 610 mg/L from ACRSS1.0M while the lowest BOD value is 27 mg/L for ACRSS1.5M. The activated carbon produced from rubber seed shells at 500 °C and 1.5 M shows high adsorption capacity and well- developed pore structure. 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>THE0010542 (Local) 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Corporate Names: </label><br/>Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology--Dissertations
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