Ahmad Anas Bin Ahmad Sabarrudin, <br/><br/>
Effects of pretreatment of palm kernel cake toward crude fibre content for poultry production / 
Ahmad Anas Bin Ahmad Sabarrudin 
 - xi, 41 pages :  illustrations ; 
<br/><br/> Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology 
<br/><br/>Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2024 
<br/><br/>Include bibliographical reference 
<br/><br/> Poultry production gradually increases as poultry meat offers a low-cost source of protein. The current issue of lack of grains for chicken feed in Malaysia is a huge concern with numerous economic and social consequences has a profound effect on the need for poultry feed production. However, the cost of poultry feed has always been a significant concern due to the high reliance on imported raw materials. Thus, PKC has been chosen as the alternative for poultry feed production. However, PKC contains high fiber content which is not suitable for the digestive system of poultry. Hence, pre-treatment of PKC is needed. The objective of research is to investigate the impact of autoclave pretreatment, acid pretreatment and alkali pretreatment on palm kernel cake (PKC) in lowering the crude fiber content to enhance its suitability as a feed ingredient for poultry. In autoclave pre-treatment, collected PKC was pre-treated through autoclave for 5 continues cycle for 20 minutes at 120°C, meanwhile, in acid and alkali pre-treatment method, PKC was pre-treated with different concentration of oxalic acid (1%-5% w/v) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (1%-7% H2O2/g fibers), respectively. The main outcomes from the result, the acidic pretreatment with oxalic acid appears to be the most effective strategy for lowering fiber content in Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) with the highest f-value is 206.24 and R2 value is 98.85%. The autoclave pretreatment had a significant impact, as shown by a large f-value is 71.64 and a high R2 value is 96.76%. Alkali pretreatment has a lower f-value is 65.35 and R2 value is 96.32%. All three pretreatments showed corresponding p-value = ( p< 0.05). These results suggest that PKC can be used as substitution of maize and soybean meal in poultry feed to produce a cost-effective poultry feed. 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>THE0010555 (Local) 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Corporate Names: </label><br/>Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology--Dissertations
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Universities and colleges--Dissertations<br/>Theses--Dissertations