03034ntm a2200349 i 4500 MY-KuUP 20260609151339.0 t||||fr|||| 000 0 ta 260609t20242024my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0010567 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMPSA rda FTKKP .E49 2024 r Bc. Emylia Ismah Binti Rosli, author. Effects of pre-treatments of palm kernel cake (pkc) towards protein content for poultry feed production / Emylia Ismah Binti Rosli Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2024 © 2024 iii, 55 pages : illustrations ; rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2024 Include bibliographical reference Poultry production gradually increases as poultry meat offers a low-cost source of protein. The increase in chicken production has a profound effect on the need for poultry feed production. However, the cost of poultry feed has always been a significant concern due to the high reliance on imported raw materials. Thus, palm kernel cake (PKC) has been chosen as the alternative for poultry feed production. However, PKC contains high fibre content and low nutritional contents, which are not suitable for the digestive system of poultry. Hence, pre-treatment of PKC is needed. The objective of present research is to investigate the effect of autoclave, acid, and alkali pre-treatment by determining the content of protein that suitable for poultry diets. In autoclave pre-treatment, collected PKC was pre-treated through autoclave for 20 minutes at 120°C, meanwhile, in both acid and alkali pre-treatment method, PKC was pre-treated with different concentration of oxalic acid (1%-5%) (w/v) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (1%-9%) (v/v), respectively. Based on the results of this study, the most effective method was alkali pre-treatment method with optimum concentration of 3% (v/v) which produced 1.7907mg/ml protein content. The values of protein content obtained at 3% alkaline hydrogen peroxide concentration were the most suitable composition for poultry feed formulation. This result suggests that PKC can be used as substitution of maize and soybean meal in poultry feed to produce an economic friendly poultry feed. Nevertheless, it is recommended to study other composition of PKC as further investigation could guarantee PKC to be fully substitution of current ingredients of poultry feed. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47346 lcc PSM 0 0 lcc 0 0 20000 20000 2026-06-09 0 FTKKP .E49 2024 r Bc. T000004239 2026-06-09 15:14:16 2026-06-09 PSM 104954 104960