Nurhazwani Nabihah Binti Kamarudin, <br/><br/>
Characterization of different immobilized laccase-bacteria cellulose biocatalyst :  the bacteria cellulose morphology and structure determination / 
Nurhazwani Nabihah Binti Kamarudin 
 - xvii, 60 pages :  illustrations ; 
<br/><br/> Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology 
<br/><br/>Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2024 
<br/><br/>Include bibliographical reference 
<br/><br/> Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an organic material that can be synthesized by bacteria genera such as Gluconacetobacter xylinus, Acetobacter hansenii, and Acetobacter pasteurianus. BC can be used as support material for laccase enzyme immobilization because of the high mechanical strength, high capacity for water absorption, and low composition of impurities. Laccase is mainly found in plants and fungi and has been applied in various industries applications. Laccase has been functioned to catalyze the degradation of varieties substrates such as phenols and aromatic resulting in converting molecular oxygen to water. However, longevity and shell life of laccase enzyme in free form hinders further its potential in the industry. Various studies have been done and verified that the immobilized enzyme is better than the enzyme in free state in terms of performance and longevity. In-situ and ex-situ immobilization modes have been introduced in this research. To enhance the performance of immobilized biocatalysts, it is essential to understand the morphology and structure of BC including the porosity and functional groups presence, hence, to develop more efficient and effective biocatalysts. Two types of fermentation mediums and inoculum mediums were prepared to synthesize BC and in-situ immobilized laccase-BC (I-LBC) where laccase solution was added on the third day of fermentation process. The produced BC was introduced to oxidation process using natrium periodate to oxidize BC (OxBC). The laccase solution was also added to the BC and OxBC to produce ex-situ immobilized laccase-BC (E-LBC) and ex-situ immobilized laccase-OxBC (E-LOxBC). Lastly, all the five BC were analyzed by FESEM, FTIR, BET and XRD analyses. E-LBC is the best biocatalyst due to the highest performance in laccase activity. 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>THE0010631 (Local) 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Corporate Names: </label><br/>Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology--Dissertations
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Universities and colleges--Dissertations<br/>Theses--Dissertations