03320ntm a2200349 i 4500 MY-KuUP 20260624153605.0 t|||||r|||| 000 0 ta 260624t20242024my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0010632 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMPSA rda FTKKP .S53 2024 r Bc. Nurshahira Hafiza Binti Zakaria, author. Effect of moisture content and inoculum size on nutrient enrichment of fermented pineapple leaves / Nurshahira Hafiza Binti Zakaria Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2024 © 2024 xiii, 28 pages : illustrations ; rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2024 Include bibliographical reference Pineapple leaves are a rich source of protein, minerals, vitamin and fibre, but they should not be considered as a complete feed for ruminants due to the potential digestive complications. Many study involved in exploring the use of solid-state fermentation (SSF) derived from Rhizopus oryzae to enhance protein content in pineapple waste. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of moisture content and inoculum size on the nutrient enrichment of fermented pineapple leaves using ‘ragi tape’, a traditional starter culture that contains Rhizopus oryzae, a fungus that can degrade cellulose to produce enzymes. This study can also validate the results by comparing the nutrient content of the fermented pineapple leaves with the raw pineapple leaves. Pineapple leaves can be used as a part of animal feed especially for ruminant due to their high fibre content. The nutritional value of pineapple leaf waste for ruminant feed can be improved using solid-state fermentation (SSF), the effect of two variable which is moisture content and inoculum size on the SSF process was studied. The inoculum size was varied from 1% to 5% (w/w) and the moisture percentage of the substrate was altered from 60% to 80% (w/w). This study involves the collecting and preparing the pineapple leaves waste, preparing the inoculum, adding the waste to the inoculum and analysed the results using uv-vis Spectrometer. The optimal inoculum size for maximizing BSA concentration is 2% (w/w), with a 6-fold increase in total protein concentration after fermentation. Moisture content plays a significant role in protein concentration, with a moisture content of 65% linked to the largest error bar. The optimal inoculum size and moisture content play a crucial role in determining antioxidant concentration during solid-state fermentation. Understanding these factors can improve the efficacy and productivity of using pineapple leaves as a feed alternative, ultimately benefiting the livestock sector. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47097 lcc PSM 0 0 lcc 0 0 10000 10000 2026-06-24 0 FTKKP .S53 2024 r Bc. T000004175 2026-06-24 15:36:19 2026-06-24 PSM 105033 105039