Tan, Wen Hao, <br/><br/>
Synthesis of activated carbon from eggshells as an adsorbent for the treatment of palm oil mill secondary effluent /  Tan Wen Hao 

 - xiv,171 pages :  illustrations ; 
<br/><br/> Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology 
<br/><br/>Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2024 
<br/><br/>Include bibliographical reference 
<br/><br/> Palm oil was an important product produced from palm oil trees, which were widely used. Malaysia was a big producer and exporter of palm oil, which helped Malaysia's economy. The motivation for this study stemmed from the pressing need to treat Palm Oil Mills Secondary Effluent (POMSE), which was notoriously challenging to manage due to its levels of contaminants exceeding Malaysia's Department of Environment discharge limits, in this context explored the potential of eggshell-derived activated carbon (ES-AC) as a sustainable absorbent, offering a novel, low energy-intensive and time-efficient treatment method. The objective was to synthesize ES-AC using 0.3M Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and Potassium hydroxide (KOH) at 550 °C for 3 hours. The efficacy of ES-AC was then evaluated in batch adsorption tests by varying contact time (0–120 minutes), adsorbent dosage (0–20 g/L), and agitation speed (0–1500 r.p.m). In the methodology, eggshell waste was sourced from a restaurant, cleaned, and dried. These eggshells were then calcinated in a tubular furnace at 550 °C for 3 hours and subsequently activated with H3PO4 and KOH, each for 24 hours. The resulting activated carbon was powdered for use in adsorption experiments. Pre-treatment analysis of POMSE included COD, BOD, pH, and O&G, using standard analytical methods. Batch adsorption tests were conducted to assess the influence of contact time (0–120 minutes), adsorbent dosage (0–20 g/L), and revolution per minute (0–1500 r.p.m) on removal efficiency, with each variable tested in triplicate to ensure reliability. Post-treatment POMSE properties were analyzed similarly to pre-treatment. Results indicated ES-AC (H3PO4) showed superior performance compared to ES-AC (KOH) in the batch adsorption experiment. The optimal contact time for maximum adsorption efficiency was 120 minutes and the optimum dosage was 20g/L. Additionally, a higher agitation speed at 1500 r.p.m achieved equilibrium and enhanced removal efficiency. In conclusion, under optimum varying factors, ES-AC (H3PO4) showed a superior performance removal efficiency of 20.0576% compared to 5.6231% for ES-AC (KOH). 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>THE0010647 (Local) 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Corporate Names: </label><br/>Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology--Dissertations
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