03343ntm a2200313 i 4500003000800000005001700008006001800025007000300043008004100046020003300087040002700120100004200147245008000189264003600269264001200305300003700317336002100354337002500375338002300400347002400423500005900447502011400506504003800620520218100658610007402839650004502913650002602958856004502984MY-KuUP20260708180412.0t|||||r|||| 000 0ta260708t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d  aTHE0010682 (Local)qHardback  aUMPSAbengcUMPSAerda1 aHivasheni A/P Sellathurai,	,eauthor.10aExtraction of refined carrageenan from seaweed /cHivasheni A/P Sellathurai 1aKuantan, Pahang :bUMPSA,c2025 4c© 2025  axix, 65 pages :billustrations ;  2rdacontentatext  2rdamediaaunmediated  2rdacarrieravolume  2rdaatext filebPDF  aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology  aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025  aInclude bibliographical reference3 aSeaweed is an ecofriendly resource rich in valuable components such as polysaccharides. with carrageenan being one of the most significant. This research investigates the extraction and characterization of refined carrageenan from Kappaphycus seaweed using the bead mill method. The motivation for this study arises from the abundance of seaweed resources and the higher market value of refined carrageenan compared to semi-refined carrageenan. Various extraction methods exist, but most are associated with drawbacks, such as high solvent usage and limited scalability. Therefore, this study examines the effect of the extraction process including time, temperature, and the drying duration to obtain optimum refined carrageenan and to characterize physicochemical properties and the efficacy of refined carrageenan using the bead mill method. The process began with seaweed pretreatment, followed by bead mill extraction using a one-factor-at-a-time approach. Extraction temperatures ranged from 30°C to 70°C with a fixed time of 50 minutes and drying durations from 24 to 48 hours. Then, the filtrate underwent filtration and precipitation process and lastly drying. The results revealed that the optimal extraction conditions were 70°C, 80 minutes, and a drying time of 24 hours, producing carrageenan with the highest viscosity (162.2 cP) and purity (64.92%). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of kappa carrageenan functional groups, while thermal gravimetric analysis demonstrated improved thermal stability. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed enhanced surface morphology with a particle size of 25.22 μm at a drying time of 48 hours. In conclusion, the bead mill method outperformed conventional methods in quality, efficiency, and sustainability, establishing itself as a viable and eco-friendly approach for industrial refined carrageenan production. However, further investigation of the physicochemical properties of refined carrageenan under varying drying durations is recommended to optimize the extraction process further. Keywords: Carrageenan; Bead mill method; Purity; Physicochemical Properties; Efficiency20aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering TechnologyxDissertations 0aUniversities and collegesxDissertations 0aThesesxDissertations  uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47492