Marina Airin Binti Othman ,		 						 	,	, <br/><br/>
Effect of process variables on adsorption mechanisms study of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase immobilization on pineapple peel /   
Marina Airin Binti Othman 
 - 54 pages :  illustrations ; 
<br/><br/> Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology 
<br/><br/>Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 
<br/><br/>Include bibliographical reference 
<br/><br/> The purpose of this research is to examine the adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics associated with the immobilization of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) on pineapple peel. Because of their encapsulating qualities, cyclodextrins (CD), which are produced by the enzyme CGTase, find widespread use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Because of its chemical stability and sustainability, pineapple peel which is a plentiful agricultural waste was selected as the support material. A range of parameters, such as enzyme concentrations (10,30,50,70,90 U), contact durations (10,15,20,25,30 hours), and temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 °C), were used to study the adsorption process. The adsorption behavior was described using three adsorption isotherm models: Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin. The adsorption kinetics were studied using Pseudo-first order (PFO), Pseudo-second order (PSO), and Elovich models. Parameters of thermodynamics like Gibbs free energy (ΔG) were also examined in order to gauge the process's spontaneity. The enzyme activity of 22.48 U/mL, 30 U, 25oC and 25 h was found to be the ideal concentration, temperature and contact time. The findings demonstrated monolayer adsorption by showing that CGTase immobilization on pineapple peel adhered to the Langmuir isotherm model. The PSO model indicated chemisorption as the predominant process and provided the best description of the adsorption kinetics. The spontaneity of the process was confirmed by thermodynamic analysis, which showed negative ΔG values of -3.44 kJ/mol. High immobilization yield and activity retention were the outcomes of immobilization settings that were ideal, which were 20 °C, 25 hours of contact time, and 30 U of enzyme concentration. According to this study, pineapple peel is an economical and environmentally beneficial support material for enzyme immobilization, which helps with waste valuation and long-term industrial uses. 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>THE0010686 (Local) 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Corporate Names: </label><br/>Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology--Dissertations
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Universities and colleges--Dissertations<br/>Theses--Dissertations