Muhammad Shahim Azim Bin Razat,		 						 	,	, <br/><br/>
Co2 capture using hydroxyapatite derived from cockle shells: effects of ca/p ratio and calcination time / 
Muhammad Shahim Azim Bin Razat 
 - xv, 45 pages :  illustrations ; 
<br/><br/> Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology 
<br/><br/>Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 
<br/><br/>Include bibliographical reference 
<br/><br/> Industrial operations play a crucial role in the generation of worldwide CO2 emissions.The development of a sustainable and effective method for capture CO2 using hydroxyapatite derived from cockle shells to turn waste materials into useful products while miniming environmental effect is motivated by the abundance of cockle shells as a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. This study has evaluated the potential use of cockle shell waste as a source of hydroxyapatite (HAp) for CO2 emission capture. This study has evaluated the potential use of cockle shell waste as a source of HAp for CO2 emission capture. The main goals of this study were determined effect of Ca/P ratio (ratios: 1:1, 1.67, 1.8) and calcination duration (3, 4, and 5 hours). The involved methods which refer to HAp synthesis are the pre-treatment of cockle shells to form CaCO3 in aragonite form which will change into CaO when calcination happens, then producing Ca(OH)2 followed by reaction to obtain HAp from Ca(OH)2 solution and phosphate source. Physicochemical análisis of all samples aiming samples crystallinity and CO2 capture was conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD ) and fixed bed reactor. Using CO2 as an emission, the HAp putted into fixed bed reactor at 600°C. Based on the calcination time, The calcination for 4 hours gave the most optimal hydroxyapatite for CO2 capture, producing the highest peak at 30 theta from Xrd results. The optimal of calcination time are responsible for this performance since they allowed for more effective carbon adsorption. For Ca/P ratio, this as-prepared material's calcium-phosphorus ratio of 1.8 was effective adsorbent because stability over time for hydroxyapatite as well as improvements in CO2 sequestration capacity. According to the study’s findings, the best calcination time is 4 hours, which capture 72 % CO2 capture and effect of Ca/P is 1: 1.8, which capture 73% CO2 capture. 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>THE0010690 (Local) 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Corporate Names: </label><br/>Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology--Dissertations
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