03427ntm a2200349 i 4500 MY-KuUP 20260713095336.0 t|||||r|||| 000 0 ta 260713t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0010710 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMPSA rda FTKKP .N87 2025 r Bc. Putri Nurin Qistina Binti Norkhairizal, , , author. Correlation study on hydrothermal pretreatment for high recovery of pectin oligosaccharides (pos) from banana peel / Putri Nurin Qistina Binti Norkhairizal Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2025 © 2025 xv, 43 pages : illustrations ; rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Include bibliographical reference Harvested banana discards 60% as waste that includes the peels; a primary byproduct of processing banana. Banana peel as lignocellulosic biomass made up of polysaccharide fractions consists of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and pectin. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic as the key step for disintegration fractions components and their subsequent conversion to value added product with high recovery. Typically, hydrothermal pretreatment method is for segregating and altering structures of lignocellulose. The recovery of new goods with added value, pectin oligosaccharides (POS), from poorly disposed banana waste is a viable and profitable alternative method of enhances the industrial waste. Ensuring proper treatment for high recovery of POS, the process parameters that influence in this study are temperature, time and pH. This study aims to experimentally investigate the best correlation effect on operating parameter of pH, substrate ratio, and temperature for hydrothermal pretreatment using Design Expert, in order to obtain high recovery of POS from banana peel. The experiment starts with substrate preparation where the banana peel was dried and ground until fine powder is form. The components of fine powder banana peel are then determine using carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur analyser. Next, utilizing a two-level fractional factorial experimental design facilitated by Design Expert 13 software, 8 randomized runs were conducted with POS as response at temperature range from 120 °C to 135°C, pH value ranges from 3.5 to 6.5, and substrate ratio range from 1:5 to 1:25 (solid: liquid, w/v). Then, the data were used to conduct hydrothermal pretreatment. After that, reducing sugar was determine using 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid method. The study’s revealed an optimal condition at a temperature of 135°C, pH of 3.5, and a substrate ratio of 1:5 (w/v) for maximum reducing sugar concentration of 0.951mg/mL. While, the analysis parameter of temperature and substrate ratio yield high contribution of 37.64% and 29.37%, respectively. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47589 lcc PSM 0 0 lcc 0 0 10000 10000 2026-07-13 0 FTKKP .N87 2025 r Bc. T000004304 2026-07-13 09:54:10 2026-07-13 PSM 105179 105185