03029ntm a2200313 i 4500003000800000005001700008006001800025007000300043008004100046020003300087040002700120100006000147245017400207264003600381264001200417300003600429336002100465337002500486338002300511347002400534500005900558502015800617504003800775520171200813610007402525650004502599650002602644856004502670MY-KuUP20260724110115.0t|||||r|||| 000 0ta260724t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d  aTHE0010751 (Local)qHardback  aUMPSAbengcUMPSAerda0 aNuraleeya Farena Binti Abdullah,		 						 	,	,eauthor.10aCharacterization of pineapple peel extract incorporating liquid SOAP with citric ACID and its antioxidant and antibacterial properties /cNuraleeya Farena Binti Abdullah 1aKuantan, Pahang :bUMPSA,c2025 4c© 2025  axi, 38 pages :billustrations ;  2rdacontentatext  2rdamediaaunmediated  2rdacarrieravolume  2rdaatext filebPDF  aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology  aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Pharmaceuticals) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025  aInclude bibliographical reference3 aPineapple peels, which are often discarded as waste, contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial properties, offering significant potential for eco-friendly household cleaning products. Therefore, this study aimed to extract and characterize pineapple peel compounds, evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and formulate a natural liquid soap with citric acid to enhance cleaning efficacy. The methodology began with drying and grinding pineapple peels. This was followed by extracting bioactive compounds with water and characterizing them using FTIR and chemical properties tests which are total phenolic content (TPC) and saponin test. The results revealed the presence of functional groups in pineapple peel extract, as identified by FTIR at 3330.81 cm⁻¹ (hydroxyl group), 2123.37 cm⁻¹ (alkyne group), and 1638.13 cm⁻¹ (carbonyl group). TPC was determined to be 9.22 × 10⁻⁵ GAE per gram of dry extract, while the saponin test yielded positive results, indicating its potential for foam formation. Additionally, the formulated soap exhibited weak antioxidant activity, as evidenced by minimal discoloration during the methylene blue test. Furthermore, by using agar disk diffusion techniques, the soap demonstrated enhanced antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus when citric acid was incorporated, with inhibition zones of 1.2 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively. Lastly, the soap’s pH was optimized to 8.975, making it suitable for household cleaning. In conclusion, this study highlights the feasibility of repurposing pineapple waste into sustainable cleaning products, thereby addressing waste reduction and promoting eco-friendly practices.20aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering TechnologyxDissertations 0aUniversities and collegesxDissertations 0aThesesxDissertations  uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47658